FINANCIAL REVIEW AND REPORTS
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
9
Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return
Among Comerica Incorporated, Keefe Bank Index, and S&P 500 Index
(Assumes $100 Invested on 12/31/04 and Reinvestment of
Dividends)
The performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
10
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
| |
Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
| |
(dollar amounts in millions, except per share data) |
|||||||||||||||
EARNINGS SUMMARY |
||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 1,567 | $ | 1,815 | $ | 2,003 | $ | 1,983 | $ | 1,956 | ||||||
Provision for loan losses |
1,082 | 686 | 212 | 37 | (47 | ) | ||||||||||
Noninterest income |
1,050 | 893 | 888 | 855 | 819 | |||||||||||
Noninterest expenses |
1,650 | 1,751 | 1,691 | 1,674 | 1,613 | |||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
(131 | ) | 59 | 306 | 345 | 393 | ||||||||||
Net income |
17 | 213 | 686 | 893 | 861 | |||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends |
134 | 17 | | | | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares |
(118 | ) | 192 | 680 | 886 | 858 | ||||||||||
PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK |
||||||||||||||||
Diluted net income (loss) |
$ | (0.79 | ) | $ | 1.28 | $ | 4.43 | $ | 5.49 | $ | 5.11 | |||||
Cash dividends declared |
0.20 | 2.31 | 2.56 | 2.36 | 2.20 | |||||||||||
Common shareholders' equity |
31.82 | 33.31 | 34.12 | 32.70 | 31.11 | |||||||||||
Market value |
29.57 | 19.85 | 43.53 | 58.68 | 56.76 | |||||||||||
Average diluted shares (in thousands) |
149 | 149 | 154 | 161 | 168 | |||||||||||
YEAR-END BALANCES |
||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 59,249 | $ | 67,548 | $ | 62,331 | $ | 58,001 | $ | 53,013 | ||||||
Total earning assets |
54,558 | 62,374 | 57,448 | 54,052 | 48,646 | |||||||||||
Total loans |
42,161 | 50,505 | 50,743 | 47,431 | 43,247 | |||||||||||
Total deposits |
39,665 | 41,955 | 44,278 | 44,927 | 42,431 | |||||||||||
Total medium- and long-term debt |
11,060 | 15,053 | 8,821 | 5,949 | 3,961 | |||||||||||
Total common shareholders' equity |
4,878 | 5,023 | 5,117 | 5,153 | 5,068 | |||||||||||
Total shareholders' equity |
7,029 | 7,152 | 5,117 | 5,153 | 5,068 | |||||||||||
AVERAGE BALANCES |
||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 62,809 | $ | 65,185 | $ | 58,574 | $ | 56,579 | $ | 52,506 | ||||||
Total earning assets |
58,162 | 60,422 | 54,688 | 52,291 | 48,232 | |||||||||||
Total loans |
46,162 | 51,765 | 49,821 | 47,750 | 43,816 | |||||||||||
Total deposits |
40,091 | 42,003 | 41,934 | 42,074 | 40,640 | |||||||||||
Total medium- and long-term debt |
13,334 | 12,457 | 8,197 | 5,407 | 4,186 | |||||||||||
Total common shareholders' equity |
4,959 | 5,166 | 5,070 | 5,176 | 5,097 | |||||||||||
Total shareholders' equity |
7,099 | 5,442 | 5,070 | 5,176 | 5,097 | |||||||||||
CREDIT QUALITY |
||||||||||||||||
Total allowance for credit losses |
$ | 1,022 | $ | 808 | $ | 578 | $ | 519 | $ | 549 | ||||||
Total nonperforming loans |
1,181 | 917 | 404 | 214 | 138 | |||||||||||
Foreclosed property |
111 | 66 | 19 | 18 | 24 | |||||||||||
Total nonperforming assets |
1,292 | 983 | 423 | 232 | 162 | |||||||||||
Net credit-related charge-offs |
869 | 472 | 153 | 72 | 116 | |||||||||||
Net credit-related charge-offs as a percentage of average total loans |
1.88 | % | 0.91 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.26 | % | ||||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total period-end loans |
2.34 | 1.52 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.19 | |||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans |
83 | 84 | 138 | 231 | 373 | |||||||||||
RATIOS |
||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin |
2.72 | % | 3.02 | % | 3.66 | % | 3.79 | % | 4.06 | % | ||||||
Return on average assets |
0.03 | 0.33 | 1.17 | 1.58 | 1.64 | |||||||||||
Return on average common shareholders' equity |
(2.37 | ) | 3.79 | 13.52 | 17.24 | 16.90 | ||||||||||
Dividend payout ratio |
N/M | 179.07 | 57.79 | 42.99 | 43.05 | |||||||||||
Average common shareholders' equity as a percentage of average assets (a) |
7.90 | 7.93 | 8.66 | 9.15 | 9.71 | |||||||||||
Tier 1 common capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets (a) |
8.18 | 7.08 | 6.85 | 7.54 | 7.78 | |||||||||||
Tier 1 capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets |
12.46 | 10.66 | 7.51 | 8.03 | 8.38 | |||||||||||
Tangible common equity as a percentage of tangible assets (a) |
7.99 | 7.21 | 7.97 | 8.62 | 9.16 | |||||||||||
N/M not meaningful.
11
2009 FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY CORPORATE INITIATIVES
Financial Results
12
Estate provisions and net charge-offs. Net credit-related charge-offs were 1.88 percent of average total loans in 2009, compared to 0.91 percent in 2008. Nonperforming assets increased to $1.3 billion, at year-end 2009, compared to $983 million at year-end 2008.
Key Corporate Initiatives
13
Comerica Incorporated (the Corporation) is a financial holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The Corporation's major business segments are the Business Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth & Institutional Management. The core businesses are tailored to each of the Corporation's four primary geographic markets: Midwest, Western, Texas and Florida.
The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and prevailing practices within the banking industry. The Corporation's consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies, the most significant of which are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. The most critical of these significant accounting policies are discussed in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of this financial review.
As a financial institution, the Corporation's principal activity is lending to and accepting deposits from businesses and individuals. The primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is derived principally from the difference between interest earned on loans and investment securities and interest paid on deposits and other funding sources. The Corporation also provides other products and services that meet the financial needs of customers and which generate noninterest income, the Corporation's secondary source of revenue. Growth in loans, deposits and noninterest income is affected by many factors, including economic conditions in the markets the Corporation serves, the financial requirements and health of customers, and successfully adding new customers and/or increasing the number of products used by current customers. Success in providing products and services depends on the financial needs of customers and the types of products desired.
More than half of the Corporation's revenues are generated by the Business Bank business segment, making the Corporation highly sensitive to changes in the business environment in its primary geographic markets. To facilitate better balance among business segments and geographic markets, the Corporation opened 10 new banking centers in 2009 in markets with favorable demographics and plans to continue banking center expansion in these markets. This is expected to provide opportunity for growth across all business segments, especially in the Retail Bank and Wealth & Institutional Management segments, as the Corporation penetrates existing relationships through cross-selling and develops new relationships.
For 2010, management expects the following, compared to 2009, based on a modestly improving economic environment:
14
ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME
Fully Taxable Equivalent (FTE)
| |
|
Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
Average Balance |
Interest | Average Rate |
Average Balance |
Interest | Average Rate |
Average Balance |
Interest | Average Rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
(dollar amounts in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial loans (a)(b) |
$ | 24,534 | $ | 890 | 3.63 | % | $ | 28,870 | $ | 1,468 | 5.08 | % | $ | 28,132 | $ | 2,038 | 7.25 | % | |||||||||||||
Real estate construction loans |
4,140 | 121 | 2.92 | 4,715 | 231 | 4.89 | 4,552 | 374 | 8.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
10,415 | 437 | 4.20 | 10,411 | 580 | 5.57 | 9,771 | 709 | 7.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans |
1,756 | 97 | 5.53 | 1,886 | 112 | 5.94 | 1,814 | 111 | 6.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans |
2,553 | 94 | 3.68 | 2,559 | 130 | 5.08 | 2,367 | 166 | 7.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease financing (c) |
1,231 | 40 | 3.25 | 1,356 | 8 | 0.59 | 1,302 | 40 | 3.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
International loans |
1,533 | 58 | 3.79 | 1,968 | 101 | 5.13 | 1,883 | 133 | 7.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Business loan swap income (expense) (d) |
| 34 | | | 24 | | | (67 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans (b)(e) |
46,162 | 1,771 | 3.84 | 51,765 | 2,654 | 5.13 | 49,821 | 3,504 | 7.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Auction-rate securities available-for-sale |
1,010 | 15 | 1.47 | 193 | 6 | 2.95 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other investment securities available-for-sale |
8,378 | 318 | 3.88 | 7,908 | 384 | 4.88 | 4,447 | 206 | 4.56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investment securities available-for-sale (f) |
9,388 | 333 | 3.61 | 8,101 | 390 | 4.83 | 4,447 | 206 | 4.56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell |
18 | | 0.32 | 93 | 2 | 2.08 | 164 | 9 | 5.28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks (g) |
2,440 | 6 | 0.25 | 219 | 1 | 0.61 | 15 | 1 | 4.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other short-term investments |
154 | 3 | 1.74 | 244 | 10 | 3.98 | 241 | 13 | 5.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total earning assets |
58,162 | 2,113 | 3.64 | 60,422 | 3,057 | 5.06 | 54,688 | 3,733 | 6.82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks |
883 | 1,185 | 1,352 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses |
(947 | ) | (691 | ) | (520 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued income and other assets |
4,711 | 4,269 | 3,054 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 62,809 | $ | 65,185 | $ | 58,574 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money market and NOW deposits (a) |
$ | 12,965 | 63 | 0.49 | $ | 14,245 | 207 | 1.45 | $ | 14,937 | 460 | 3.08 | |||||||||||||||||||
Savings deposits |
1,339 | 2 | 0.11 | 1,344 | 6 | 0.45 | 1,389 | 13 | 0.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer certificates of deposit |
8,131 | 183 | 2.26 | 8,150 | 263 | 3.23 | 7,687 | 342 | 4.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing core deposits |
22,435 | 248 | 1.11 | 23,739 | 476 | 2.01 | 24,013 | 815 | 3.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other time deposits (d)(h) |
4,103 | 121 | 2.96 | 6,715 | 232 | 3.45 | 5,563 | 300 | 5.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign office time deposits (i) |
653 | 2 | 0.29 | 926 | 26 | 2.77 | 1,071 | 52 | 4.85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits |
27,191 | 371 | 1.37 | 31,380 | 734 | 2.34 | 30,647 | 1,167 | 3.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings |
1,000 | 2 | 0.24 | 3,763 | 87 | 2.30 | 2,080 | 105 | 5.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium- and long-term debt (d)(h) |
13,334 | 165 | 1.23 | 12,457 | 415 | 3.33 | 8,197 | 455 | 5.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing sources |
41,525 | 538 | 1.29 | 47,600 | 1,236 | 2.59 | 40,924 | 1,727 | 4.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Noninterest-bearing deposits (a) |
12,900 | 10,623 | 11,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
1,285 | 1,520 | 1,293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total shareholders' equity |
7,099 | 5,442 | 5,070 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |
$ | 62,809 | $ | 65,185 | $ | 58,574 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income/rate spread (FTE) |
$ | 1,575 | 2.35 | $ | 1,821 | 2.47 | $ | 2,006 | 2.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
FTE adjustment (j) |
$ | 8 | $ | 6 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of net noninterest-bearing sources of funds |
0.37 | 0.55 | 1.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin (as a percentage of average earning assets (FTE) (b)(c)(g) |
2.72 | % | 3.02 | % | 3.66 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) |
FSD balances included above: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Loans (primarily low-rate) |
$ | 210 | $ | 3 | 1.65 | % | $ | 498 | $ | 7 | 1.40 | % | $ | 1,318 | $ | 9 | 0.69 | % | ||||||||||||
|
Interest-bearing deposits |
448 | 2 | 0.54 | 957 | 19 | 1.99 | 1,202 | 47 | 3.91 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Noninterest-bearing deposits |
1,306 | 1,643 | 2,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b) |
Impact of FSD loans (primarily low-rate) on the following: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Commercial loans |
(0.02 | )% | (0.07 | )% | (0.32 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total loans |
(0.01 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Net interest margin (FTE) (assuming loans were funded by noninterest-bearing deposits) |
| (0.01 | ) | (0.08 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(c) |
2008 net interest income declined $38 million and the net interest margin declined six basis points due to tax-related non-cash |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
lease income charges. Excluding these charges, the net interest margin would have been 3.08%. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(d) |
The gain or loss attributable to the effective portion of cash flow hedges of loans is shown in "Business loan swap income (expense)". The gain or loss attributable to the effective portion of fair value hedges of other time deposits and medium- and long-term debt, which totaled a net gain of $61 million in 2009, is included in the related interest expense line item. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(e) |
Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances reported and are used to calculate rates. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(f) |
Average rate based on average historical cost. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(g) |
Excess liquidity, represented by average balances deposited with the Federal Reserve Bank, reduced the net interest margin by 11 basis points and one basis point in 2009 and 2008, respectively, and had no impact on the net interest margin in 2007. Excluding excess liquidity, the net interest margin would have been 2.83% in 2009 and 3.03% in 2008. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(h) |
Other time deposits and medium- and long-term debt average balances have been adjusted to reflect the gain or loss attributable to the risk hedged by risk management swaps that qualify as fair value hedges. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(i) |
Includes substantially all deposits by foreign domiciled depositors; deposits are primarily in excess of $100,000. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(j) |
The FTE adjustment is computed using a federal income tax rate of 35%. |
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15
RATE-VOLUME ANALYSIS
Fully Taxable Equivalent (FTE)
| |
2009/2008 | 2008/2007 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Increase (Decrease) Due to Rate |
Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume (a) |
Net Increase (Decrease) |
Increase (Decrease) Due to Rate |
Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume (a) |
Net Increase (Decrease) |
|||||||||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income (FTE): |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Loans: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial loans |
$ | (421 | ) | $ | (157 | ) | $ | (578 | ) | $ | (608 | ) | $ | 38 | $ | (570 | ) | ||||
Real estate construction loans |
(93 | ) | (17 | ) | (110 | ) | (151 | ) | 8 | (143 | ) | ||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
(143 | ) | | (143 | ) | (165 | ) | 36 | (129 | ) | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans |
(8 | ) | (7 | ) | (15 | ) | (3 | ) | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||
Consumer loans |
(36 | ) | | (36 | ) | (46 | ) | 10 | (36 | ) | |||||||||||
Lease financing |
36 | (4 | ) | 32 | (32 | ) | | (32 | ) | ||||||||||||
International loans |
(26 | ) | (17 | ) | (43 | ) | (36 | ) | 4 | (32 | ) | ||||||||||
Business loan swap income (expense) |
10 | | 10 | 91 | | 91 | |||||||||||||||
Total loans |
(681 | ) | (202 | ) | (883 | ) | (950 | ) | 100 | (850 | ) | ||||||||||
Auction-rate securities available-for-sale |
(3 | ) | 12 | 9 | | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
Other investment securities available-for-sale |
(84 | ) | 18 | (66 | ) | 10 | 168 | 178 | |||||||||||||
Total investment securities available-for-sale |
(87 | ) | 30 | (57 | ) | 10 | 174 | 184 | |||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell |
(2 | ) | | (2 | ) | (5 | ) | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |
(1 | ) | 6 | 5 | (1 | ) | 1 | | |||||||||||||
Other short-term investments |
(2 | ) | (5 | ) | (7 | ) | (4 | ) | 1 | (3 | ) | ||||||||||
Total interest income (FTE) |
(773 | ) | (171 | ) | (944 | ) | (950 | ) | 274 | (676 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest expense: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Money market and NOW accounts |
(138 | ) | (6 | ) | (144 | ) | (242 | ) | (11 | ) | (253 | ) | |||||||||
Savings deposits |
(4 | ) | | (4 | ) | (7 | ) | | (7 | ) | |||||||||||
Customer certificates of deposit |
(79 | ) | (1 | ) | (80 | ) | (94 | ) | 15 | (79 | ) | ||||||||||
Other time deposits |
(34 | ) | (77 | ) | (111 | ) | (108 | ) | 40 | (68 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign office time deposits |
(23 | ) | (1 | ) | (24 | ) | (22 | ) | (4 | ) | (26 | ) | |||||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits |
(278 | ) | (85 | ) | (363 | ) | (473 | ) | 40 | (433 | ) | ||||||||||
Short-term borrowings |
(78 | ) | (7 | ) | (85 | ) | (57 | ) | 39 | (18 | ) | ||||||||||
Medium- and long-term debt |
(262 | ) | 12 | (250 | ) | (182 | ) | 142 | (40 | ) | |||||||||||
Total interest expense |
(618 | ) | (80 | ) | (698 | ) | (712 | ) | 221 | (491 | ) | ||||||||||
Net interest income (FTE) |
$ | (155 | ) | $ | (91 | ) | $ | (246 | ) | $ | (238 | ) | $ | 53 | $ | (185 | ) | ||||
16
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income is the difference between interest and yield-related fees earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities. Adjustments are made to the yields on tax-exempt assets in order to present tax-exempt income and fully taxable income on a comparable basis. Gains and losses related to the effective portion of risk management interest rate swaps that qualify as hedges are included with the interest income or expense of the hedged item when classified in net interest income. Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis comprised 60 percent of total revenues in 2009, compared to 67 percent in 2008 and 69 percent in 2007. The "Analysis of Net Interest Income-Fully Taxable Equivalent" table of this financial review provides an analysis of net interest income for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. The rate-volume analysis in the table above details the components of the change in net interest income on a FTE basis for 2009, compared to 2008, and 2008, compared to 2007.
Net interest income was $1.6 billion in 2009, a decrease of $248 million, or 14 percent, compared to $1.8 billion in 2008. The decrease in net interest income in 2009 was primarily due to loan rates declining faster than deposit rates with late 2008 rate reductions, partially offset by increased loan spreads. On a FTE basis, net interest income was $1.6 billion in 2009, a decrease of $246 million, or 13 percent, from 2008. The net interest margin (FTE) decreased to 2.72 percent in 2009, from 3.02 percent in 2008, resulting primarily from the reasons cited for the decline in net interest income discussed above, as well as excess liquidity and the reduced contribution of noninterest-bearing funds in a significantly lower rate environment. The net interest margin was reduced by approximately 11 basis points in 2009 from excess liquidity, represented by $2.4 billion of average balances deposited with the FRB. The excess liquidity resulted from strong core deposit growth at a time when loan demand remained weak. Average earning assets decreased $2.2 billion, or four percent, to $58.2 billion in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily as a result of a $5.6 billion decrease in average loans, partially offset by increases of $2.2 billion in average interest-bearing deposits with the FRB and $1.3 billion in average investment securities available-for-sale.
The Corporation implements various asset and liability management tactics to manage net interest income exposure to interest rate risk. Refer to the "Interest Rate Risk" section of this financial review for additional information regarding the Corporation's asset and liability management policies.
In 2008, net interest income was $1.8 billion, a decrease of $188 million, or nine percent, from 2007. The decrease in net interest income in 2008 was primarily due to a decrease in loan portfolio yields, a competitive environment for deposit pricing, the impact of a higher level of nonaccrual loans and $38 million of tax-related non-cash charges to lease income, partially offset by growth in average earnings assets, largely driven by growth in investment securities available-for-sale. The lease income charges reflected the reversal of previously recognized income resulting from projected changes in the timing of income tax cash flows on certain structured leasing transactions and will fully reverse over the remaining lease terms. (Further information about the charges can be found in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements). In 2008, net interest income (FTE) was $1.8 billion, a decrease of $185 million, or nine percent, from 2007. The net interest margin (FTE) decreased to 3.02 percent in 2008, from 3.66 percent in 2007, resulting primarily from the reasons cited for the decline in net interest income discussed above, and as a result of the change in the mix of both earning assets, driven by growth in investment securities available-for-sale, and interest-bearing sources of funds. The 2008 lease income charges discussed above reduced the net interest margin by six basis points. Average earning assets increased $5.7 billion, or 10 percent, to $60.4 billion in 2008, compared to 2007, primarily as a result of a $3.7 billion increase in average investment securities available-for-sale and a $1.9 billion increase in average loans.
Based on no increase in the Federal Funds rate, management expects an average full-year 2010 net interest margin between 3.15 percent and 3.25 percent, reflecting the benefit, compared to full-year 2009, from improved loan pricing, lower funding costs and a lower level of excess liquidity.
17
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The provision for credit losses includes both the provision for loan losses and the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The provision for loan losses reflects management's evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses represents management's assessment of probable losses inherent in the Corporation's loan portfolio. The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments, a component of "noninterest expenses" on the consolidated statements of income, reflects management's assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, which is included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, covers probable credit-related losses inherent in credit-related commitments, including letters of credit and financial guarantees. The Corporation performs a detailed credit quality review quarterly to determine the adequacy of both allowances. For a further discussion of both the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, refer to the "Credit Risk" and the "Critical Accounting Policies" sections of this financial review.
The provision for loan losses was $1.1 billion in 2009, compared to $686 million in 2008 and $212 million in 2007. The $396 million increase in the provision for loan losses in 2009, compared to 2008, resulted primarily from challenges in the Middle Market (primarily the Midwest and Western markets), Commercial Real Estate in the Midwest, Florida and Texas markets (primarily residential real estate developments), Global Corporate Banking (primarily the Western and International markets), Leasing (primarily the Midwest market) and Private Banking (primarily the Western and Midwest markets) loan portfolios. Commercial Real Estate challenges in the Western market moderated in 2009, compared to 2008, but remained a significant portion of the Commercial Real Estate provision for loan losses. In the first half of 2009, the national economy was hampered by turmoil in the financial markets, declining home values and a global recession. Signs of growth in the national economy began in the third quarter of 2009, as the credit and capital markets began functioning at a more normal level and the housing market began to stabilize. The Michigan economy contracted sharply in the first half of 2009, but has recently shown signs of leveling off. The average Michigan Business Activity Index compiled by the Corporation for January through November 2009 declined 15 percent, compared to the average for the full-year 2008. However, the November 2009 index rebounded by nine percent from a low reached in May 2009, with particular strength noted in automotive and steel production. The Michigan Business Activity index represents nine different measures of Michigan economic activity compiled by the Corporation. The California economy continues to lag moderately behind the national economy, with ongoing declines in construction and the state's budget problems more severe than in most other states. However, the California Economic Activity Index compiled by the Corporation is signaling that a recovery is developing. The November 2009 index was up 12 percent from a low reached in March 2009, with all components of the index contributing to the upturn except nonfarm payrolls. The California Economic Activity Index equally weights nine, seasonally-adjusted coincident indicators of real economic activity compiled by the Corporation. A wide variety of economic reports indicate that Texas continued to outperform the nation in 2009. The Texas economy began contracting following the financial market turmoil in the fall of 2008, but has experienced a much more modest reduction in homebuilding than most other states, and the state's manufacturing sector is beginning to revive as domestic and export demand is on the rise. However, the state's energy sector was hit hard by the sharp drop in crude oil and natural gas prices. Forward-looking indicators suggest that economic conditions in the Corporation's primary geographic markets are likely to strengthen gradually as moderate national and global recoveries continue to develop. The increase in the provision for loan losses in 2008, when compared to 2007, was primarily the result of challenges in the residential real estate development business located in the Western market (primarily California) and to a lesser extent in the Middle Market and Small Business loan portfolios.
The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments was a charge of less than $0.5 million in 2009, compared to a charge of $18 million in 2008 and a negative provision of $1 million in 2007. The $18 million decrease in the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments in 2009, compared to 2008, resulted primarily from the cancellation and drawdown of letters of credit in the Midwest market and a reduction in unfunded commitment levels. The $19 million increase in 2008, compared to 2007, was primarily
18
the result of an increase in specific reserves related to unused commitments extended to customers in the Commercial Real Estate business line in the Michigan and Western markets (largely residential real estate developments) and standby letters of credit extended to customers in the Michigan commercial real estate industry. An analysis of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is presented in the "Credit Risk" section of this financial review.
Net loan charge-offs in 2009 increased $397 million to $868 million, or 1.88 percent of average total loans, compared to $471 million, or 0.91 percent, in 2008 and $149 million, or 0.30 percent, in 2007. Total net credit-related charge-offs, which includes net charge-offs on both loans and lending-related commitments, were $869 million, or 1.88 percent of average total loans, in 2009, compared to $472 million, or 0.91 percent, in 2008 and 153 million, or 0.31 percent, in 2007. The $397 million increase in net credit-related charge-offs in 2009, compared to 2008, resulted primarily from increases in net credit-related charge-offs in the Middle Market ($133 million), Commercial Real Estate ($70 million), Global Corporate Banking ($55 million), Small Business ($41 million) and Leasing ($38 million) loan portfolios. By geographic market, net credit-related charge-offs in the Midwest and Western markets increased $199 million and $86 million, respectively, in 2009, compared to 2008. An analysis of the changes in the allowance for loan losses, including charge-offs and recoveries by loan category, is presented in the "Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses" table in the "Risk Management" section of this financial review. An analysis of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is presented in the "Credit Risk" section of this financial review.
Management expects full-year 2010 net credit-related charge-offs to decrease to between $775 million and $825 million. The provision for credit losses is expected to be slightly in excess of net charge-offs.
NONINTEREST INCOME
| |
Years Ended December 31 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||
Service charges on deposit accounts |
$ | 228 | $ | 229 | $ | 221 | |||||
Fiduciary income |
161 | 199 | 199 | ||||||||
Commercial lending fees |
79 | 69 | 75 | ||||||||
Letter of credit fees |
69 | 69 | 63 | ||||||||
Card fees |
51 | 58 | 54 | ||||||||
Foreign exchange income |
41 | 40 | 40 | ||||||||
Bank-owned life insurance |
35 | 38 | 36 | ||||||||
Brokerage fees |
31 | 42 | 43 | ||||||||
Net securities gains |
243 | 67 | 7 | ||||||||
Other noninterest income |
112 | 82 | 150 | ||||||||
Total noninterest income |
$ | 1,050 | $ | 893 | $ | 888 | |||||
Noninterest income increased $157 million, or 18 percent, to $1.1 billion in 2009, compared to $893 million in 2008, and increased $5 million, or less than one percent, in 2008, compared to $888 million in 2007. Excluding net securities gains, noninterest income decreased two percent in 2009, compared to 2008, and six percent in 2008, compared to 2007. An analysis of increases and decreases by individual line item is presented below.
Service charges on deposit accounts decreased $1 million, or less than one percent, to $228 million in 2009, compared to $229 million in 2008, and increased $8 million, or three percent, in 2008, compared to $221 million in 2007. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to lower earnings credit allowances provided on deposit balances to business customers as a result of the interest rate environment.
19
Fiduciary income decreased $38 million, or 19 percent, to $161 million in 2009, compared to $199 million in 2008, and was unchanged in 2008, compared to 2007. Personal and institutional trust fees are the two major components of fiduciary income. These fees are based on services provided and assets managed. Fluctuations in the market values of the underlying assets managed, which include both equity and fixed income securities, impact fiduciary income. The decrease in 2009 was primarily due to lower personal trust fees related to market value decline in late 2008 and a decline in institutional trust fees related to the sale of the Corporation's proprietary defined contribution plan recordkeeping business in the second quarter 2009. In 2008, lower fees related to market value decline were offset by net new business.
Commercial lending fees increased $10 million, or 14 percent, to $79 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $6 million, or eight percent, in 2008. The majority of the increase in 2009 resulted from increased risk-adjusted pricing on unused commercial loan commitments. The decrease in 2008 resulted from lower participation fees and lower unused commercial loan commitments.
Letter of credit fees of $69 million were unchanged in 2009, compared to an increase of $6 million, or 10 percent, in 2008. The increase in 2008 was principally due to one-time adjustments related to the timing of recognition of letter of credit fees.
Card fees, which consist primarily of interchange fees earned on debit and commercial cards, decreased $7 million, or 13 percent, to $51 million in 2009, compared to $58 million in 2008, and increased $4 million, or nine percent, in 2008, compared to $54 million in 2007. The decline in 2009 resulted primarily from lower levels of retail and commercial card business activity. Growth in 2008 resulted primarily from an increase in transaction volume caused by the continued shift to electronic banking, new customer accounts and new products.
Foreign exchange income increased $1 million, or one percent, to $41 million in 2009, compared to $40 million in both 2008 and 2007.
Bank-owned life insurance income decreased $3 million, or eight percent, to $35 million in 2009, compared to an increase of $2 million, to $38 million in 2008. The decrease in 2009 resulted primarily from a decrease in death benefits received and reduced earnings on bank-owned life insurance policies. The increase in 2008 resulted primarily from an increase in death benefits received.
Brokerage fees of $31 million decreased $11 million, or 25 percent, in 2009, compared to a decrease of $1 million to $42 million in 2008. Brokerage fees include commissions from retail brokerage transactions and mutual fund sales and are subject to changes in the level of market activity. The decreases in 2009 and 2008 were primarily due to lower transaction and dollar volumes as a result of depressed market conditions.
Net securities gains increased $176 million, to $243 million in 2009, compared to an increase of $60 million, to $67 million in 2008. The increase in 2009 resulted primarily from gains on the sale of mortgage-backed government agency securities ($225 million) and gains on the redemption of auction-rate securities ($14 million), compared to gains resulting from the sales of the Corporation's ownership of Visa ($48 million) and MasterCard shares ($14 million) in 2008. Mortgage-backed government agency securities were sold in 2009 as market conditions were favorable and there was no longer a need to hold a large portfolio of fixed-rate securities to mitigate the impact of potential future rate declines on net interest income.
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Other noninterest income increased $30 million, or 37 percent, in 2009, compared to a decrease of $69 million, or 46 percent, in 2008. The following table illustrates fluctuations in certain categories included in "other noninterest income" on the consolidated statements of income.
| |
Years Ended December 31 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||
Other noninterest income |
|||||||||||
Gain on repurchase of debt |
$ | 15 | $ | | $ | | |||||
Deferred compensation asset returns (a) |
10 | (26 | ) | 7 | |||||||
Net gain on termination of leveraged leases |
8 | | | ||||||||
Net gain on sales of businesses |
5 | | 3 | ||||||||
Gain on sale of SBA loans |
| 5 | 14 | ||||||||
Risk management hedge gains (losses) from interest rate and foreign exchange contracts |
(6 | ) | 8 | 3 | |||||||
Net income (loss) from principal investing and warrants |
(6 | ) | (10 | ) | 19 | ||||||
Amortization of low income housing investments |
(44 | ) | (42 | ) | (33 | ) | |||||
Management expects flat noninterest income, after excluding $243 million of 2009 securities gains, in 2010, compared to 2009 levels.
NONINTEREST EXPENSES
| |
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||
Salaries |
$ | 687 | $ | 781 | $ | 844 | |||||
Employee benefits |
210 | 194 | 193 | ||||||||
Total salaries and employee benefits |
897 | 975 | 1,037 | ||||||||
Net occupancy expense |
162 | 156 | 138 | ||||||||
Equipment expense |
62 | 62 | 60 | ||||||||
Outside processing fee expense |
97 | 104 | 91 | ||||||||
FDIC Insurance expense |
90 | 16 | 5 | ||||||||
Software expense |
84 | 76 | 63 | ||||||||
Other real estate expense |
48 | 10 | 7 | ||||||||
Legal fees |
37 | 29 | 24 | ||||||||
Litigation and operational losses |
10 | 103 | 18 | ||||||||
Customer services |
4 | 13 | 43 | ||||||||
Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments |
| 18 | (1 | ) | |||||||
Other noninterest expenses |
159 | 189 | 206 | ||||||||
Total noninterest expenses |
$ | 1,650 | $ | 1,751 | $ | 1,691 | |||||
Noninterest expenses decreased $101 million, or six percent, to $1,650 million in 2009, compared to $1,751 million in 2008, and increased $60 million, or four percent, in 2008, from $1,691 million in 2007. Excluding an $88 million net charge related to the repurchase of auction-rate securities from certain customers in 2008, noninterest expenses decreased $13 million, or one percent, in 2009, compared to 2008. An analysis of increases and decreases by individual line item is presented below.
21
The following table summarizes the various components of salaries and employee benefits expense.
| |
Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
|||||||||||
Salaries |
||||||||||||
Regular salaries (including contract labor) |
$ | 570 | $ | 609 | $ | 635 | ||||||
Severance |
14 | 29 | 4 | |||||||||
Incentives (including commissions) |
60 | 117 | 138 | |||||||||
Deferred compensation plan costs |
11 | (25 | ) | 8 | ||||||||
Share-based compensation |
32 | 51 | 59 | |||||||||
Total salaries |
687 | 781 | 844 | |||||||||
Employee benefits |
||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension expense |
57 | 20 | 36 | |||||||||
Severance-related benefits |
3 | 5 | | |||||||||
Other employee benefits |
150 | 169 | 157 | |||||||||
Total employee benefits |
210 | 194 | 193 | |||||||||
Total salaries and employee benefits |
$ | 897 | $ | 975 | $ | 1,037 | ||||||
Salaries expense decreased $94 million, or 12 percent, in 2009, compared to a decrease of $63 million, or seven percent, in 2008. The decrease in 2009 was primarily due to decreases in business unit and executive incentives ($57 million), regular salaries ($39 million), share-based compensation ($19 million) and severance ($15 million), partially offset by an increase in deferred compensation plan costs ($36 million). Business unit incentives are tied to new business and business unit profitability, while executive incentives are tied to the Corporation's overall performance and peer-based comparisons of results. The decrease in regular salaries in 2009 was primarily the result of a decrease in staff of approximately 850 full-time equivalent employees from year-end 2008 to year-end 2009. The increase in deferred compensation plan costs in 2009 was offset by increased deferred compensation asset returns in noninterest income. The decrease in salaries expense in 2008 was primarily due to decreases in deferred compensation plan costs ($33 million), regular salaries ($26 million), incentives ($21 million) and share-based compensation ($8 million), partially offset by an increase in severance expense ($25 million). The decrease in regular salaries in 2008 was primarily the result of the refinement to the deferral of costs associated with loan origination, as described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, and a decrease in staff of approximately 600 full-time equivalent employees from year-end 2007 to year-end 2008.
Employee benefits expense increased $16 million, or eight percent, in 2009, compared to an increase of $1 million, or one percent, in 2008. The increase in 2009 resulted primarily from an increase in defined benefit pension expense. In 2008, when compared to 2007, increases in staff insurance costs and severance-related benefits, were substantially offset by a decline in defined benefit pension expense. For a further discussion of defined benefit pension expense, refer to the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of this financial review and Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
Net occupancy and equipment expense increased $6 million, or three percent, to $224 million in 2009, compared to an increase of $20 million, or 10 percent, in 2008. Net occupancy and equipment expense increased $7 million and $11 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively, due to the addition of new banking centers since the banking center expansion program began in late 2004.
Outside processing fee expense decreased $7 million, or seven percent, to $97 million in 2009, from $104 million in 2008, compared to an increase of $13 million, or 13 percent, in 2008. The decrease in 2009 was largely due to lower volumes in activity-based processing charges resulting from the sale of the Corporation's proprietary defined contribution plan recordkeeping business. The increase in 2008 was due to higher volumes in activity-based processing charges, in part related to outsourcing.
22
FDIC insurance expense increased $74 million to $90 million in 2009, compared to an increase of $11 million in 2008. The increase in 2009 was primarily due to a second quarter 2009 industry-wide special assessment charge ($29 million), an increase in base assessment rates and a surcharge related to the Corporation's participation in the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program. For additional information regarding the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, refer to the "Deposits and Borrowed Funds" portion of the "Balance Sheet and Capital Funds Analysis" section of this financial review. The increase in 2008 reflected the exhaustion of a one-time credit against which deposit insurance assessments had been applied from 2007 through mid-2008.
Software expense increased $8 million, or 10 percent, in 2009, compared to an increase of $13 million, or 21 percent, in 2008. The increase in 2009 was mostly due to a full year of amortization expense for investments in technology throughout 2008. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to increased investments in technology, including treasury management, sales tracking tools, anti-money laundering initiatives, transition from paper to electronic check processing and the continued development of loan portfolio and enterprise level analytical tools, combined with an increase in maintenance costs.
Other real estate expenses increased $38 million to $48 million in 2009, from $10 million in 2008, and increased $3 million in 2008, compared to 2007. Other real estate expenses reflects write-downs, net gains (losses) on sales and carrying costs related primarily to foreclosed property. The increase in 2009 was primarily due to write-downs on foreclosed property of $34 million in 2009 reflecting continued declines in property values. For additional information regarding foreclosed property, refer to the "Nonperforming Assets" portion of the "Credit Risk" section of this financial review.
Legal fees increased $8 million to $37 million in 2009, from $29 million in 2008, and increased $5 million in 2008, compared to 2007. The increase in 2009 was primarily due to increased loan workout and collection expenses, partially offset by lower other litigation expenses.
Litigation and operational losses decreased $93 million to $10 million in 2009, from $103 million in 2008, and increased $85 million in 2008, compared to $18 million in 2007. Litigation and operational losses include traditionally defined operating losses, such as fraud and processing losses, as well as uninsured losses and litigation losses. These expenses are subject to fluctuation due to timing of authorized and actual litigation settlements, as well as insurance settlements. Litigation and operational losses in 2008 included a net charge of $88 million related to the repurchase of auction-rate securities from certain customers, partially offset by a 2008 reversal of a $13 million loss sharing expense related to the Corporation's membership in Visa recognized in 2007. For additional information on the repurchase of auction-rate securities, refer to the "Investment Securities Available-for-Sale" portion of the "Balance Sheet and Capital Funds Analysis" section and "Critical Accounting Policies" section of this financial review and Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
Customer services expense decreased $9 million, or 71 percent, to $4 million in 2009, from $13 million in 2008, and decreased $30 million, or 69 percent, in 2008, from $43 million in 2007. Customer services expense represents certain expenses paid on behalf of particular customers, and is one method to attract and retain title and escrow deposits in the Financial Services Division. The amount of customer services expense varies from period to period as a result of changes in the level of noninterest-bearing deposits and low-rate loans in the Financial Services Division and the earnings credit allowances provided on these deposits, as well as the competitive environment. Average Financial Services Division noninterest-bearing deposits and loans decreased $337 million and $288 million, in 2009, compared to 2008, respectively.
The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments decreased $18 million to a charge of less than $0.5 million in 2009, from a charge of $18 million in 2008, and increased $19 million in 2008, compared to a negative provision of $1 million in 2007. For additional information on the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments, refer to the "Provision for Credit Losses" section of this financial review and Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Other noninterest expenses decreased $30 million, or 15 percent, in 2009, and decreased $17 million, or eight percent, in 2008. The decrease in 2009 was due in part to a decrease of $11 million, or 40 percent, in travel and entertainment expenses. The decrease in 2008 was due to nominal decreases in several categories.
23
Management expects a low single-digit decrease in noninterest expenses in 2010 compared to 2009 levels.
INCOME TAXES AND TAX-RELATED ITEMS
The provision for income taxes was a benefit of $131 million in 2009, compared to provisions of $59 million in 2008 and $306 million in 2007. The income tax benefit in 2009 reflected the decrease in income before taxes compared to 2008 and a benefit of $14 million related to the settlement of certain tax matters due to the audit of years 2001-2004, the filing of certain amended state tax returns and the reduction of tax interest due to anticipated refunds due from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The provision for income taxes in 2008 reflected the impact of lower pre-tax income compared to 2007 and included a net after-tax charge of $9 million related to the acceptance of a global settlement offered by the IRS on certain structured leasing transactions, settlement with the IRS on disallowed foreign tax credits related to a series of loans to foreign borrowers and other tax adjustments.
The Corporation had a net deferred tax asset of $158 million at December 31, 2009. Included in net deferred taxes at December 31, 2009 were deferred tax assets of $678 million, net of a $1 million valuation allowance established for certain state deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided when it is "more-likely-than-not" that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Deferred tax assets are evaluated for realization based on available evidence of loss carryback capacity, projected future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and assumptions made regarding future events.
Management expects 2010 income tax expense to approximate 35 percent of income before income taxes less approximately $60 million of permanent differences related to low-income housing and bank-owned life insurance.
INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $1 million in both 2009 and 2008 and $4 million in 2007. Income from discontinued operations in 2007 included adjustments to the initial gain recorded on the sale of Munder Capital Management (Munder) in 2006. For further information on the sale of Munder and discontinued operations, refer to Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
In the fourth quarter 2008, the Corporation participated in the U.S. Department of Treasury (U.S. Treasury) Capital Purchase Program (the Capital Purchase Program) and received proceeds of $2.25 billion from the U. S. Treasury. In return, the Corporation issued 2.25 million shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, without par value (preferred shares) and granted a warrant to purchase 11.5 million shares of common stock to the U.S. Treasury. The preferred shares pay a cumulative dividend rate of five percent per annum on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share.
The proceeds from the Capital Purchase Program were allocated between the preferred shares and the related warrant based on relative fair value, which resulted in an initial carrying value of $2.1 billion for the preferred shares and $124 million for the warrant. The resulting discount to the preferred shares of $124 million accretes on a level yield basis over five years through November 2013 and is being recognized as additional preferred stock dividends.
Preferred stock dividends were $134 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, which included $112 million of cash dividends and $22 million of discount accretion. Preferred stock dividends, including accretion of the discount, were $17 million for the fourth quarter 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2008.
For further information on the Capital Purchase Program, refer to the "Capital" section of this financial review and Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.
At such time as feasible, management intends to redeem the $2.25 billion of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock issued to the U.S. Treasury, with careful consideration given to the economic environment.
24
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Corporation's operations are strategically aligned into three major business segments: the Business Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth & Institutional Management. These business segments are differentiated based upon the products and services provided. In addition to the three major business segments, the Finance Division is also reported as a segment. The Other category includes discontinued operations and items not directly associated with these business segments or the Finance Division. Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements describes the business activities of each business segment and the methodologies which form the basis for these results, and presents financial results of these business segments for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
The following table presents net income (loss) by business segment.
| |
Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
| |
(dollar amounts in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Business Bank |
$ | 147 | 104 | % | $ | 237 | 89 | % | $ | 516 | 72 | % | ||||||||
Retail Bank |
(48 | ) | (34 | ) | 34 | 13 | 128 | 18 | ||||||||||||
Wealth & Institutional Management (a) |
43 | 30 | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | 70 | 10 | ||||||||||||
|
142 | 100 | % | 267 | 100 | % | 714 | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Finance |
(110 | ) | (48 | ) | (38 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other (b) |
(15 | ) | (6 | ) | 10 | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 17 | $ | 213 | $ | 686 | ||||||||||||||
The Business Bank's net income decreased $90 million, or 38 percent, to $147 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $279 million, or 54 percent, to $237 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) was $1.3 billion in 2009, an increase of $51 million, or four percent, compared to 2008. The increase in net interest income (FTE) was primarily due to an increase in loan spreads and a $402 million increase in average deposits, partially offset by a $5.5 billion decrease in average loans. The provision for loan losses increased $317 million to $860 million in 2009, from $543 million in 2008, primarily due to increases in reserves for the Middle Market, Commercial Real Estate (in the Midwest, Florida and Texas markets), Leasing and Global Corporate Banking loan portfolios, partially offset by a reduction in reserves for Western residential real estate developers (primarily in California). Net credit-related charge-offs of $712 million increased $320 million, primarily due to an increase in charge-offs in the Middle Market, Commercial Real Estate, Global Corporate Banking, Small Business and Leasing loan portfolios. Noninterest income of $291 million in 2009 decreased $11 million from 2008, primarily due to a $14 million gain on the sale of MasterCard shares in 2008 and decreases in income from customer derivatives ($11 million), card fees ($7 million) and investment banking fees ($5 million), partially offset by increases in warrant income ($9 million), commercial lending fees ($7 million) and service charges on deposits ($5 million), and an $8 million 2009 net gain on the termination of leveraged leases. Noninterest expenses of $638 million in 2009 decreased $71 million from 2008, primarily due to decreases in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($54 million), incentive compensation ($26 million), customer services expense ($10 million), salaries expense ($9 million), the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments ($6 million), travel and entertainment expense ($5 million) and smaller decreases in several other expense categories, partially offset by increases in other real estate expenses ($33 million) and FDIC insurance expense ($27 million). The corporate overhead allocation rates used were approximately 3.3 percent and 6.1 percent in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
25
The decrease in rate in 2009, when compared to 2008, resulted primarily from an increase in funding credits due to the preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury.
The Retail Bank's net income decreased $82 million to a net loss of $48 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $94 million, to net income of $34 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $510 million decreased $56 million, or 10 percent, in 2009, primarily due to a decline in deposit spreads caused by a competitive pricing environment, a decline in loan spreads and a decrease in average loans ($335 million), partially offset by an increase in average deposit balances ($444 million). The provision for loan losses increased $20 million to $143 million in 2009, primarily due to increases in reserves for the Personal Banking loan portfolio (primarily the Midwest market). Noninterest income of $190 million decreased $68 million in 2009, from $258 million in 2008, primarily due to a $48 million gain on the sale of Visa shares in 2008, a decrease in service charges on deposit accounts ($6 million) and a decline in net gains from the sale of Small Business loans and the early 2008 discontinuation of student loan sales ($5 million). Noninterest expenses of $642 million in 2009 decreased $3 million from 2008, primarily due to decreases in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($25 million), salaries expense ($17 million) and smaller decreases in several other expense categories, partially offset by increases in FDIC insurance expense ($31 million) and net occupancy expense ($7 million), and the first quarter 2008 reversal of a $13 million Visa loss sharing expense recognized in 2007. Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
Wealth & Institutional Management's net income increased $47 million to $43 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $74 million to a net loss of $4 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $161 million increased $13 million, or eight percent, in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily due to increases in average deposits ($221 million) and average loans ($216 million), and an improvement in loan spreads from 2008. The provision for loan losses increased $37 million to $62 million, primarily due to an increase in reserves for the Private Banking loan portfolio. Noninterest income of $269 million decreased $23 million, or eight percent, in 2009, primarily due to decreases in fiduciary income ($37 million) and brokerage fees ($11 million), partially offset by an increase in gains on the redemption of auction-rate-securities ($10 million), an increase in investment banking fees ($9 million) and a $5 million gain on the second quarter 2009 sale of the Corporation's proprietary defined contribution plan recordkeeping business. The decrease in fiduciary income was primarily due to lower personal trust fees related to market value decline in late 2008 and a decline in institutional trust fees related to the second quarter 2009 sale of the Corporation's proprietary defined contribution plan recordkeeping business. Noninterest expenses of $302 million in 2009 decreased $120 million from 2008, primarily due to the $88 million net charge related to the repurchase of auction-rate securities in 2008, decreases in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($13 million) and incentive compensation ($8 million), and smaller decreases in several other expense categories, partially offset by an increase in FDIC insurance expense ($5 million). Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
The net loss in the Finance Division was $110 million in 2009, compared to a net loss of $48 million in 2008. Contributing to the $62 million increase in net loss was a $314 million decline in net interest income (FTE), primarily due to the Corporation's internal funds transfer policy. In the current low rate environment, the Finance Division provided a greater benefit for deposits, particularly noninterest-bearing deposits, to the three major business segments in 2009 than was actually realized at the corporate level. Noninterest expenses increased $6 million primarily due to an increase in FDIC insurance expense ($6 million). Partially offsetting these items was an increase of $224 million in noninterest income, resulting primarily from $225 million of gains on the sale of mortgage-backed government agency securities in 2009.
The net loss in the Other category was $15 million in 2009, compared to a net loss of $6 million in 2008. The increase in net loss of $9 million was primarily due to timing differences between when corporate overhead expenses are reflected as a consolidated expense and when the expenses are allocated to the business segments.
26
GEOGRAPHIC MARKET SEGMENTS
The Corporation's management accounting system also produces market segment results for the Corporation's four primary geographic markets: Midwest, Western, Texas and Florida. In addition to the four primary geographic markets, Other Markets and International are also reported as market segments. The Finance & Other Businesses category includes discontinued operations and items not directly associated with the market segments. Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements presents a description of each of these market segments as well as the financial results for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
The following table presents net income (loss) by market segment.
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Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
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(dollar amounts in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Midwest |
$ | 37 | 26 | % | $ | 205 | 77 | % | $ | 294 | 40 | % | ||||||||
Western |
(14 | ) | (10 | ) | (19 | ) | (7 | ) | 190 | 27 | ||||||||||
Texas |
40 | 28 | 53 | 20 | 84 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Florida |
(23 | ) | (16 | ) | (13 | ) | (5 | ) | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||
Other Markets (a) |
78 | 55 | 12 | 4 | 89 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
International |
24 | 17 | 29 | 11 | 50 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
|
142 | 100 | % | 267 | 100 | % | 714 | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Finance & Other Businesses (b) |
(125 | ) | (54 | ) | (28 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 17 | $ | 213 | $ | 686 | ||||||||||||||
The Midwest market's net income decreased $168 million, or 82 percent, to $37 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $89 million, or 30 percent, to $205 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $807 million increased $31 million from 2008, primarily due to $38 million of tax-related non-cash charges to income related to certain structured leasing transactions in 2008, an increase in loan spreads and the benefit provided by an increase in average deposit balances ($1.1 billion), partially offset by a decrease in average loan balances ($2.1 billion) and a decline in deposit spreads resulting from a significantly lower rate environment. The provision for loan losses increased $293 million, to $448 million in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily due to increases in reserves for the Middle Market, Commercial Real Estate (primarily residential real estate developments) and Leasing loan portfolios. Net credit-related charge-offs increased $199 million, largely due to increases in the Middle Market, Leasing, Commercial Real Estate and Small Business loan portfolios. Noninterest income of $435 million in 2009 decreased $89 million from 2008, primarily due to gains of $39 million on the sale of Visa shares and $14 million on the sale of MasterCard shares in 2008, and decreases in fiduciary income ($28 million), service charges on deposit accounts ($9 million) and card fees ($8 million). Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in investment banking fees ($9 million) and an $8 million 2009 net gain on the termination of leveraged leases. Noninterest expenses of $761 million in 2009 decreased $52 million from 2008, primarily due to decreases in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($41 million), incentive compensation ($13 million), the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments ($7 million), service fees ($6 million) and smaller decreases in several other expense categories, partially offset by increases in FDIC insurance expense ($30 million) and other real estate expenses ($12 million), and the first quarter 2008 reversal of a $10 million Visa loss sharing arrangement expense recognized in 2007. Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
The net loss in the Western market decreased $5 million to $14 million in 2009, compared to a $209 million decrease in net income to a net loss of $19 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $623 million decreased
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$45 million, or seven percent, in 2009, primarily due to declines in average loan balances ($2.3 billion) and average Financial Services Division deposits ($829 million), and the reduced value of these deposits due to the low interest rate environment, partially offset by an increase in loan spreads. The provision for loan losses decreased $21 million, to $358 million in 2009, from $379 million in 2008, primarily due to a reduction in reserves for the Commercial Real Estate loan portfolio (primarily residential real estate developers in California), partially offset by increases in reserves for the Global Corporate Banking and Middle Market loan portfolios. Net credit-related charge-offs increased $86 million, largely due to increases in charge-offs in the Global Corporate Banking and Middle Market loan portfolios. Noninterest income was $133 million in 2009, a decrease of $6 million from 2008, primarily due to a $5 million decrease in customer derivative income and smaller decreases in several other income categories, partially offset by increases in warrant income ($8 million) and service charges on deposits ($6 million). Noninterest expenses of $432 million in 2009 decreased $16 million from 2008, primarily due to decreases in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($26 million), incentive compensation ($11 million) and customer services expense ($9 million), and smaller decreases in several other expense categories, partially offset by increases in other real estate expenses ($20 million), FDIC insurance expense ($19 million) and net occupancy expense ($6 million). Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
The Texas market's net income decreased $13 million, or 25 percent, to $40 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $31 million, or 37 percent, to $53 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $298 million increased $6 million, or two percent, in 2009, compared to 2008. The increase in net interest income (FTE) was primarily due to an increase in loan spreads and the benefit provided by an increase of $489 million in average deposit balances, partially offset by declines in deposit spreads. The provision for loan losses increased $34 million, primarily due to increases in reserves for the Commercial Real Estate and Middle Market loan portfolios in 2009, compared to 2008. Noninterest income of $86 million in 2009 decreased $8 million from 2008, primarily due to a $7 million gain on the sale of Visa shares in 2008. Noninterest expenses of $238 million in 2009 decreased $8 million from 2008, primarily due to a decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($13 million), partially offset by smaller increases in several other expense categories. Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
The Florida market's net loss increased $10 million to $23 million in 2009, compared to a decrease in net income of $20 million to a net loss of $13 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $44 million in 2009 decreased $3 million, or seven percent, from 2008, primarily due to a $147 million decrease in average loan balances. The provision for loan losses increased $19 million and net credit-related charge-offs increased $21 million, primarily due to the Commercial Real Estate loan portfolio. Noninterest income of $12 million in 2009 decreased $4 million from 2008, primarily due to a decrease in customer derivative income. Noninterest expenses of $37 million in 2009 decreased $5 million from 2008 due to small decreases in several expense categories.
The Other Markets' net income increased $66 million to $78 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $77 million to $12 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $158 million in 2009 increased $11 million from 2008, primarily due to an increase in loan spreads and a $212 million increase in average deposit balances, partially offset by a $334 million decrease in average loans. The provision for loan losses increased $20 million, primarily due to an increase in reserves for the Middle Market and Commercial Real Estate loan portfolios, partially offset by a decrease in reserves in the Global Corporate Banking loan portfolio. Net credit-related charge-offs increased $46 million, primarily due to an increase in charge-offs in the Commercial Real Estate loan portfolio. Noninterest income of $51 million increased $3 million in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily due to a $10 million increase in gains on the redemption of auction-rate securities and a gain of $5 million on the second quarter 2009 sale of the Corporation's proprietary defined contribution plan recordkeeping business, partially offset by a $5 million decrease in investment banking fees and smaller decreases in several other income categories. Noninterest expenses of $83 million in 2009 decreased $103 million from 2008, primarily due to the $88 million net charge related to the repurchase of auction-rate securities in 2008 and decreases in incentive
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compensation ($16 million) and allocated net corporate overhead expenses ($7 million). Refer to the Business Bank discussion above for an explanation of the decrease in allocated net corporate overhead expenses.
The International market's net income decreased $5 million, to $24 million in 2009, compared to a decrease of $21 million to $29 million in 2008. Net interest income (FTE) of $69 million in 2009 increased $8 million from 2008, primarily due to an increase in loan spreads, partially offset by a $330 million decrease in average loan balances. The provision for loan losses of $33 million in 2009 increased $29 million from $4 million in 2008. Noninterest income of $33 million in 2009 increased $2 million from 2008. Noninterest expenses of $31 million decreased $10 million in 2009 compared to 2008, primarily due to small decreases in several expense categories.
The net loss for the Finance & Other Business segment was $125 million in 2009, compared to a net loss of $54 million in 2008. The $71 million increase in net loss resulted from the same reasons noted in the Finance Division and Other category discussions under the "Business Segments" heading above.
The following table lists the Corporation's banking centers by geographic market segment.
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December 31 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Midwest (Michigan) |
232 | 233 | 237 | ||||||||
Western: |
|||||||||||
California |
98 | 96 | 83 | ||||||||
Arizona |
16 | 12 | 8 | ||||||||
|
114 | 108 | 91 | ||||||||
Texas |
90 | 87 | 79 | ||||||||
Florida |
10 | 10 | 9 | ||||||||
International |
1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Total |
447 | 439 | 417 | ||||||||
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BALANCE SHEET AND CAPITAL FUNDS ANALYSIS
Total assets were $59.2 billion at December 31, 2009, a decrease of $8.3 billion from $67.5 billion at December 31, 2008. On an average basis, total assets decreased $2.4 billion to $62.8 billion in 2009, from $65.2 billion in 2008, resulting primarily from a decrease in loans ($5.6 billion), partially offset by increases in interest-bearing deposits with the FRB ($2.2 billion) and investment securities available-for-sale ($1.3 billion). Also, on an average basis, total liabilities decreased $4.0 billion to $55.7 billion in 2009, from $59.7 billion in 2008, resulting primarily from decreases of $4.2 billion in interest-bearing deposits and $2.8 billion in short-term borrowings, partially offset by increases of $2.3 billion in noninterest-bearing deposits and $877 million in medium- and long-term debt.
ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND LOANS
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December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
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(in millions) |
|||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities |
$ | 103 | $ | 79 | $ | 36 | $ | 46 | $ | 124 | ||||||||
Government-sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities |
6,261 | |||||||||||||||||