| Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus
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Dear Towers Perrin Shareholders and Watson Wyatt Stockholders:
On June 26, 2009, Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc. and Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc. agreed to combine in a merger of equals. We believe the combined company, Towers Watson & Co., will be one of the worlds leading professional services firms, and create value for its owners based on:
| | Strengthened Organizational Capabilities: Towers Watson will be stronger than the sum of its parts, positioned for industry leadership long into the future and a more effective competitor that can provide additional services to our existing and prospective clients. |
| | Expanded Global Presence with Geographically Diverse Revenue Base: The merger will expand our global footprint to optimize service, global reach, and seamless delivery for our clients. |
| | Increased Growth & Revenue: We expect the merger will enable us to realize economies of scale, diversify current businesses, and increase growth and investment potential. |
| | Greater Opportunities for Our People: For our people, there will be an expanded set of career opportunities, a stronger brand, greater access to resources, and a broader network of employees. |
Immediately following the merger, Towers Perrin security holders, on the one hand, and Watson Wyatt security holders, on the other hand, will each be entitled to receive, in the aggregate, 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock.
As discussed more fully in this document, the value of Towers Watson common stock issued in the merger may be higher or lower than the value of the Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt securities you hold before the merger, and you will not know the value of the Towers Watson common stock to be issued to you in the merger when you vote on the proposal to adopt the merger agreement. In addition, Towers Perrin shareholders will not know when they vote on the merger proposal the exact number of shares of Towers Watson common stock that they will receive in the merger because the final Towers Perrin exchange ratio will be determined at the mergers closing.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have each scheduled a special stockholder meeting to vote on, among other things, the merger agreement proposal. We ask for your support in voting FOR the merger agreement proposal at your respective special meeting. Voting instructions are included in this document.
Towers Perrins board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and determined that the merger agreement is advisable and in the best interests of Towers Perrin, its shareholders and other constituencies. Towers Perrins board of directors recommends that Towers Perrin shareholders vote FOR approval and adoption of the merger agreement.
Watson Wyatts board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and determined that the merger agreement is advisable and in the best interests of Watson Wyatt and its stockholders. Watson Wyatts board of directors recommends that Watson Wyatt stockholders vote FOR approval and adoption of the merger agreement.
For a discussion of risk factors which you should consider in evaluating the merger, see Risk Factors beginning on page 28 of the attached document.
We expect the Towers Watson Class A common stock to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol TW. Towers Perrins common stock is not publicly traded. Watson Wyatts Class A common stock is currently traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol WW.
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| John J. Haley President, CEO and Chairman of the Board Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc. |
Mark V. Mactas President, CEO and Chairman of the Board Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc. |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities of Towers Watson to be issued in the merger, or determined if this document is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated November 9, 2009 and is expected to be first mailed to Towers Perrin shareholders and Watson Wyatt stockholders on or about November 9, 2009.
Reference to Additional Information
This document incorporates important business and financial information about Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc. from other documents that are not included in or delivered with this document. These documents are available to you without charge upon your written or oral request, including any exhibits that are incorporated by reference into these documents. To obtain documents incorporated by reference in this document, you can request them in writing or by telephone from Watson Wyatt at the following address and telephone number:
Investor Relations
Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc.
901 N. Glebe Road
Arlington, Virginia 22203
Telephone: 703-258-8000
If you would like to request documents, please do so by December 11, 2009 in order to receive them before your special meeting.
See Additional Information Where You Can Find Additional Information beginning on page 251 for more information about the documents referenced in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Legal Information
This document does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, or the solicitation of a proxy, in any jurisdiction to or from any person to whom it is unlawful to make any such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
In addition, with respect to the jurisdictions below, please note the following:
Hong Kong. WARNING. The contents of this document have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this document, you should obtain independent professional advice.
Japan. The solicitation of proxies by Watson Wyatt pursuant to this document falls under the category of solicitation for acquisition set forth in article 2(3)(ii)(c) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan and therefore no notification under article 4(1) of the same has been made in respect of the solicitation.
Singapore. Each stockholder receiving this document has acknowledged that this document has not been and will not be registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) under the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289 of Singapore) (SFA). Accordingly, statutory liability in relation to the content of prospectuses would not apply. This document and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares of Towers Watson (the Shares) may not be circulated or distributed, nor may any Share be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, the private placement exemption under section 272B(1) of the SFA or any other applicable provision of the SFA.
The information contained in this document which is to be used solely in connection with the consideration of the subscription or purchase of the Shares is confidential to the person to whom it is addressed and must not be disclosed to any other person. This document may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part, nor may any of the information contained herein be disclosed.
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
To Towers Perrin shareholders of record on November 2, 2009:
A special meeting of shareholders of Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (Towers Perrin), will be held on December 18, 2009 at the Stamford Marriott Hotel & Spa located at 243 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut 06901, 9:00 a.m., local time, for the following purposes:
| 1. | To consider and vote upon the approval and adoption of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 26, 2009, by and among Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc., Jupiter Saturn Holding Company, Jupiter Saturn Delaware Inc. and Jupiter Saturn Pennsylvania Inc., as it may be amended from time to time, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this document. |
| 2. | To consider and vote on the amendment of Article VI of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Towers Perrin, which contains transfer and ownership restrictions on shares of Towers Perrin common stock that must be amended to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger. |
| 3. | To consider and vote upon adjournment(s) of the special meeting to permit further solicitation of proxies to vote in favor of the foregoing proposals. |
| 4. | To transact such other business as may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. |
Your vote on the matters listed above is important. The approval and adoption of Proposal No. 1 and Proposal No. 2 above requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock at the special meeting. The approval and adoption of any other proposal at the special meeting requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast at the special meeting.
Only Towers Perrin shareholders of record at the close of business on November 2, 2009 are entitled to notice of and to vote at Towers Perrins special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
| By Order of the Board of Directors, |
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| Kevin C. Young |
| Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
Stamford, Connecticut
November 9, 2009
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
A special meeting of stockholders of Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc., a Delaware corporation (Watson Wyatt), will be held on December 18, 2009, at Westin Arlington Gateway, 801 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22203, 10:00 a.m., local time, for the following purposes:
| 1. | To consider and vote upon the approval and adoption of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 26, 2009, by and among Watson Wyatt, Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc., Jupiter Saturn Holding Company, Jupiter Saturn Delaware Inc. and Jupiter Saturn Pennsylvania Inc., as it may be amended from time to time, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this document. |
| 2. | To approve the Towers Watson & Co. 2009 Long Term Incentive Plan, a copy of which is attached as Annex G to this document. |
| 3. | To consider and vote upon adjournment(s) of the special meeting to permit further solicitation of proxies to vote in favor of the foregoing proposals. |
| 4. | To transact such other business as may properly come before the special meeting and any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) thereof. |
Stockholders of record of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock at the close of business on November 3, 2009 are entitled to notice of and to vote at Watson Wyatts special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. At the close of business on the record date, Watson Wyatt had outstanding and entitled to vote 42,307,754 shares of common stock. Watson Wyatt will keep at its offices in Arlington, Virginia a list of stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting available for inspection for any purpose relevant to the special meeting during normal business hours for the 10 days before the special meeting. All Watson Wyatt stockholders are cordially invited to attend Watson Wyatts special meeting.
| By Order of the Board of Directors, |
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| Walter W. Bardenwerper Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
Arlington, Virginia
November 9, 2009
Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Watson Wyatt special meeting, please vote in advance by submitting a proxy by telephone, over the Internet or by mail. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock entitled to vote at the special meeting is required for approval of Proposal No. 1 regarding the adoption and approval of the merger agreement. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented and entitled to vote on the subject matter is required to approve all other proposals at the Watson Wyatt special meeting.
Please do not send any certificates representing your Watson Wyatt shares at this time.
| Watson Wyatt stockholders are cordially invited to attend the special meeting in person. Whether or not you expect to attend the special meeting in person, please submit a proxy by telephone or over the Internet as instructed in these materials, or complete, date, sign and return the enclosed proxy card, as promptly as possible in order to ensure we receive your proxy with respect to your shares. A return envelope (which is postage pre-paid if mailed in the United States) is enclosed for your convenience. If you sign, date and mail your proxy card without indicating how you wish to have your shares voted, the shares represented by the proxy will be voted FOR each of the foregoing proposals at the special meeting. If you fail to submit your proxy by telephone or over the Internet or return your proxy card, or if your shares are held in street name and you do not instruct your broker how to vote your shares, the effect will be as though you cast a vote AGAINST the adoption of the merger agreement. If you attend the special meeting and wish to vote in person, you may withdraw your proxy and vote in person prior to the close of voting at the special meeting. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the special meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from the record holder. |
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ANNEXES:
| ANNEX A | AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, AS AMENDED AS OF OCTOBER 19, 2009 | |
| ANNEX B-1 | FORM OF VOTING AGREEMENTS WITH TOWERS PERRIN DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | |
| ANNEX B-2 | FORM OF VOTING AGREEMENTS WITH WATSON WYATT DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | |
| ANNEX C | OPINION OF GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. | |
| ANNEX D | OPINION OF BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC | |
| ANNEX E | SECTION 1930 AND SUBCHAPTER 15D OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BUSINESS CORPORATIONS LAW (APPRAISAL RIGHTS) | |
| ANNEX F | FORM OF TOWERS WATSON NOTES INDENTURE AND FORM OF TOWERS WATSON NOTE | |
| ANNEX G | TOWERS WATSON & CO. 2009 LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN | |
| ANNEX H | AMENDED AND RESTATED TOWERS WATSON CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS | |
| ANNEX I | FORM OF AMENDMENT TO TOWERS PERRINS AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS | |
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER
The questions and answers below highlight only selected information from this document. They do not contain all of the information that may be important to you. We urge you to read carefully this entire document, including its Annexes, to fully understand the proposed merger and the voting procedures for the Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt special meetings. Additional important information is also contained in the Annexes to this document and the documents incorporated by reference in this document.
| Q: | Why am I receiving these materials? |
A: On June 26, 2009, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt agreed to combine in a merger of equals. In order to complete this combination, each of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt will merge with a wholly owned subsidiary of the Holding Company, an entity that is a newly formed Delaware corporation and jointly owned by Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt. The Holding Company will change its name to Towers Watson & Co. upon completion of the merger. At the effective time, Towers Perrin security holders, on the one hand, and Watson Wyatt security holders, on the other hand, will each be entitled to receive, in the aggregate, 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock then outstanding.
References to:
| | The effective time of the merger mean the time at which the merger is deemed to be effective, which time will be no later than the second business day after the mergers closing date but at least one minute after the Holding Companys amended and restated certificate of incorporation becomes effective; |
| | The Holding Company mean Jupiter Saturn Holding Company; |
| | The merger refer to the Towers Perrin merger and the Watson Wyatt merger collectively; |
| | The merger agreement mean the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 26, 2009, by and among Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt, the Holding Company, Jupiter Saturn Delaware Inc. and Jupiter Saturn Pennsylvania Inc., as it may be amended from time to time, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this document; |
| | Towers Perrin mean Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc.; |
| | The Towers Perrin merger mean the merger of Towers Perrin Merger Corp. with and into Towers Perrin, with Towers Perrin as the surviving corporation; |
| | Towers Perrin Merger Corp. mean Jupiter Saturn Pennsylvania Inc.; |
| | Towers Perrin RSUs mean Towers Perrin restricted stock units; |
| | Towers Perrin security holders mean the holders of shares of Towers Perrin common stock together with the holders of Towers Perrin RSUs; |
| | Towers Perrin shareholders solely refer to holders of shares of Towers Perrin common stock; |
| | Towers Watson mean Towers Watson & Co.; |
| | Watson Wyatt mean Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc.; |
| | Watson Wyatt DSUs mean Watson Wyatt deferred stock units outstanding under the 2001 Watson Wyatt Deferred Stock Unit Plan; |
| | The Watson Wyatt merger mean the merger of Watson Wyatt Merger Corp. with and into Watson Wyatt, with Watson Wyatt as the surviving corporation; |
| | Watson Wyatt Merger Corp. mean Jupiter Saturn Delaware Inc.; |
| | Watson Wyatt options mean options to purchase Watson Wyatt Class A common stock awarded under the Watson Wyatt & Holdings 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan; |
| | Watson Wyatt security holders mean the holders of shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock together with the holders of Watson Wyatt DSUs; and |
| | Watson Wyatt stockholders solely refer to holders of shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock. |
The stockholders of both Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt must approve and adopt the merger agreement. We are sending you these materials to help you decide whether to approve and adopt the merger agreement at your upcoming special meeting, among other things.
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| Q: | When and where are the special meetings? |
A: The Towers Perrin special meeting will be held at the Stamford Marriott Hotel & Spa located at 243 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut 06901, on December 18, 2009 at 9:00 a.m., local time.
The Watson Wyatt special meeting will be held at Westin Arlington Gateway, 801 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22203, on December 18, 2009 at 10:00 a.m., local time.
| Q: | What will I receive in the merger? |
A: Towers Perrin security holders will receive the consideration described in The Merger AgreementConversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards. The shares of Towers Watson common stock received by Towers Perrin security holders will be subject to vesting, forfeiture, transfer and reallocation provisions as described in The Merger Agreement Vesting, Forfeiture, Transfer and Reallocation Provisions. As a result, such shares of Towers Watson common stock will be restricted and will not be freely transferable, as detailed more fully in this document. In addition, certain Towers Perrin shareholders who meet defined age plus years of service criteria may elect to designate between 50% and 100% of their shares of Towers Perrin common stock to be converted into shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock, which in turn will be automatically redeemed by Towers Watson on the first business day following the effective time for an amount consisting of equal amounts of cash and one-year subordinated promissory notes issued by Towers Watson, as described in The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections. Towers Perrin shareholders who do not meet these criteria are not eligible to make this election. Alternatively, dissenting holders of shares of Towers Perrin common stock who follow the procedures of Subchapter 15D of the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law will be entitled to receive from Towers Perrin the fair value of their shares calculated as of immediately before the completion of the merger.
Watson Wyatt stockholders will receive one share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each share they own of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock. Holders of Watson Wyatt DSUs will receive one share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each Watson Wyatt DSU whose performance conditions (if any) have been satisfied or deemed satisfied by the compensation committee of Watson Wyatts board of directors. The Towers Watson Class A common stock received by Watson Wyatt security holders will not be subject to transfer restrictions unless the Watson Wyatt security holder is or becomes an affiliate of Towers Watson, in which case the shares received will be subject to transfer restrictions under U.S. federal securities laws. Watson Wyatt security holders will not have the right to elect to receive a different form of consideration in exchange for their Watson Wyatt shares. Holders of Watson Wyatt options will receive fully-vested options to purchase Towers Watson Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis on the same terms and at the same exercise price as the Watson Wyatt options.
The Towers Watson Class A common stock is expected to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (or NYSE) and the NASDAQ Global Select Market (or NASDAQ) under the symbol TW.
| Q: | Will I be taxed on the consideration that I receive in exchange for my shares? |
| A: | Towers Perrin security holders: |
| | The exchange of Towers Perrin common stock solely for Towers Watson Class B common stock by holders of Towers Perrin common stock should generally be nontaxable to such holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, under certain circumstances, tax may be imposed on the receipt of merger consideration. |
| | For U.S. federal income tax purposes, Towers Perrin shareholders who make a Class R or Class S election generally will recognize gain, but not loss, on the exchange and will be taxable on the lesser of (1) the amount of cash and the fair market value of Towers Watson Notes treated as received in |
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| exchange for their Towers Perrin common stock and (2) the amount of gain realized in the exchange. In addition, a portion of the consideration payable to a shareholder who makes a Class R election will be treated as compensation income and taxable at ordinary income tax rates. U.S. Towers Perrin shareholders who make a Class R election will receive additional compensation from Towers Perrin or Towers Watson to compensate them for some of the additional federal taxes payable as a result of such ordinary income treatment and as a result of receiving the additional cash consideration (see page 141 for a description of the additional compensation). A person making a Class R election who is taxable in a jurisdiction other than or in addition to the U.S. may also receive additional cash compensation if a portion of the individuals merger consideration is subject to ordinary income tax and the applicable tax rate on ordinary income is greater than the tax rate on capital gains. Whether any such person will receive an additional payment and the amount of such payment will be determined by Towers Perrin on a case by case basis. |
| | A Towers Perrin employee who is a U.S. person who receives Towers Perrin RSUs should generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at ordinary income rates when he or she receives vested Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock. |
Watson Wyatt stockholders:
The exchange of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock solely for Towers Watson Class A common stock by holders of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock should generally be nontaxable to such holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Tax matters are very complicated. The tax consequences of the merger to you will depend on your specific situation. You should consult your tax advisor for a full understanding of the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of the merger to you. See Material Income Tax Considerations for a description of the tax consequences of the merger.
| Q: | What shareholder approvals are needed to approve the merger agreement? |
A: For adoption of the merger agreement:
| | Holders of two-thirds of Towers Perrins outstanding common stock entitled to vote at the Towers Perrin special meeting must be voted FOR the approval and adoption of the merger agreement and the proposal to amend Article VI of Towers Perrins Amended and Restated Bylaws (which we refer to as Towers Perrins bylaws). |
| | Holders of a majority of Watson Wyatts Class A common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Watson Wyatt special meeting must be voted FOR the approval and adoption of the merger agreement. |
| Q: | What do I need to do now? How do I vote? |
A: After carefully reading this document, please vote by submitting a proxy for your shares of common stock as soon as possible in the following manner.
| | Towers Perrin shareholders: Complete and submit electronically the proxy card you receive by following the instructions provided on the proxy card. |
| | Watson Wyatt stockholders: (1) Use the toll-free phone number listed on your proxy card and follow the recorded instructions, (2) go to the Internet website listed on your proxy card and follow the instructions provided, or (3) complete and return the enclosed proxy card. |
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| Q: | Can I change my vote after I have submitted my proxy? |
A: Yes. You can change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at your special meeting, as follows:
| | If you are a Towers Perrin shareholder, you may revoke your proxy at any time prior to its exercise by: |
| | Properly completing and submitting a later-dated proxy electronically prior to midnight eastern time on the day prior to the Towers Perrin special meeting; or |
| | Attending the Towers Perrin special meeting and voting in person. |
| | If you are a Watson Wyatt stockholder, you may revoke your proxy at any time prior to its exercise by: |
| | Sending a written notice to the corporate secretary of Watson Wyatt before the Watson Wyatt special meeting stating that you would like to revoke your proxy; |
| | Completing, signing and returning another later-dated proxy card prior to the Watson Wyatt special meeting; |
| | Using the toll-free phone number or Internet website listed on the proxy card and following the instructions provided prior to midnight eastern time on the day prior to your special meeting; or |
| | Attending the Watson Wyatt special meeting and voting in person. |
| Q: | If my shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock are held in street name by my broker, will my broker vote my shares for me? |
A: No. Your broker is not permitted to vote your shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock unless you tell the broker how to vote. To do so, you should follow the directions that your broker provides to you.
| Q: | Whom do I call if I have further questions about voting, my special meeting or the merger? |
A: Towers Perrin security holders may call Kevin C. Young at (215) 246-6000.
Watson Wyatt stockholders may call Walter W. Bardenwerper at (703) 258-8000. In addition, if you are a Watson Wyatt stockholder and you need additional copies of this document, have questions about the merger or need assistance voting your shares, you should contact:
Innisfree M&A Incorporated
501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Phone Numbers: Stockholders: (877) 825-8631 (toll-free)
Banks and Brokers: (212) 750-5833 (collect)
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This summary highlights selected information from this document and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand the merger fully and for a more complete description of the legal terms of the merger agreement, you should read carefully this entire document and the documents to which we have referred you, including the merger agreement attached to this document as Annex A. See the section entitled Additional Information Where You Can Find Additional Information beginning on page 251. We have included page references directing you to a more complete description of each item presented in this summary.
The Companies (See page 51)
Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc.
One Stamford Plaza
263 Tresser Boulevard
Stamford, Connecticut 06901
(203) 326-5400
Towers Perrin was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1934 as Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc. Towers Perrin is a global professional services firm that helps organizations improve performance through effective people, risk and financial management. The firm provides innovative solutions in the areas of human capital strategy, program design and management, and in the areas of risk and capital management, insurance and reinsurance intermediary services, and actuarial consulting.
Towers Perrins services help clients solve many of the most pressing issues facing organizations worldwide today, including increasingly complex human capital challenges and a growing need for sophisticated risk and capital management. Towers Perrin believes it has developed many of the most innovative services and products in the areas in which it delivers solutions, including several types of managed care and consumer-based health plans that have evolved to meet changing client needs; a prescription drug collaborative purchasing program to help employers control costs; state-of-the-art financial modeling software; and the development of a comprehensive portfolio of services to help insurance organizations understand the links between risk and capital and manage these risks on an enterprise-wide basis. In addition, Towers Perrins ability to respond rapidly to emerging issues has allowed it to help clients react to both risks and opportunities in practical ways. Recent examples include Towers Perrins work on managing businesses in turbulent times, its white papers on the costs and risks inherent in specific natural disasters and its work helping clients manage escalating health care costs.
Towers Perrins clients include many of the worlds largest corporations, public and private institutions and non-profit organizations. In 2008, Towers Perrin provided its services to over 75% of the Fortune Global 500 companies, over 60% of the Fortune 1000 companies, and over 85% of the worlds 50 largest insurance companies, as ranked by a recent Forbes 2000 list. Towers Perrin believes that it has been able to maintain many of its key client relationships for several decades because of its outstanding service and its reputation for being a trusted advisor to its clients.
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Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc.
901 North Glebe Road
Arlington, Virginia 22203
(703) 258-8000
Watson Wyatt is a global consulting firm focusing on providing human capital and financial management consulting services. Including predecessors, Watson Wyatt has been in business since 1878. In the United States, Watson Wyatt was founded in 1946, and conducted business as The Wyatt Company until changing its name to Watson Wyatt & Company in connection with the establishment of the Watson Wyatt Worldwide alliance in 1995 with R. Watson & Sons, which we refer to as Watson Wyatt LLP, a leading United Kingdom-based actuarial, benefits and human resources consulting partnership founded in 1878. In 2000, the firm incorporated Watson Wyatt & Company Holdings to serve as a holding company with operations conducted by its subsidiaries. To better serve the increasingly global needs of clients, on July 31, 2005, the firm acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed liabilities of Watson Wyatt LLP. The companys name was changed to Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc. on January 1, 2006 to reflect the companys global capabilities and identity in the marketplace.
Watson Wyatt helps its clients enhance business performance by improving their ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees. Watson Wyatt focuses on delivering consulting services that help its clients anticipate, identify and capitalize on emerging opportunities in human capital management. The firm also provides independent financial advice regarding all aspects of life assurance and general insurance, as well as investment advice to assist clients in developing disciplined and efficient investment strategies to meet investment goals. Its target market clients include companies in the Fortune 1000, Pension & Investments (P&I) 1000, FTSE 1000, and equivalent organizations in markets around the world. As of June 30, 2009, Watson Wyatt provided services through approximately 7,700 associates in 107 offices located in 33 countries.
Watson Wyatts Class A common stock is currently traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol WW.
Jupiter Saturn Holding Company
c/o Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Inc.
875 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10022
(212) 725-7550
The Holding Company is a newly formed Delaware corporation that has not conducted any activities other than those incident to its formation, the matters contemplated by the merger agreement and the preparation of this document. Upon completion of the merger, the Holding Company will change its name to Towers Watson & Co. The business of Towers Watson will be the combined businesses currently conducted by Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt.
Structure of the Merger (See page 108)
To combine the businesses of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt formed the Holding Company, which is jointly owned by Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt. The Holding Company formed two new, wholly owned subsidiaries, Towers Perrin Merger Corp. and Watson Wyatt Merger Corp. At the effective time:
| | Towers Perrin Merger Corp. will merge with and into Towers Perrin, and Towers Perrin will be the surviving corporation. |
| | Watson Wyatt Merger Corp. will merge with and into Watson Wyatt, and Watson Wyatt will be the surviving corporation. |
The Holding Company will then change its name to Towers Watson & Co. As a result of the Towers Perrin merger and the Watson Wyatt merger, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt will each become a wholly owned subsidiary of Towers Watson, and the current security holders of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt will become stockholders of Towers Watson.
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The following diagram illustrates the structure of the merger:
The Merger
Immediately Following the Effective Time
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What You Will Receive in the Merger (See page 110)
Towers Perrin Security Holders
The merger agreement provides that each:
| | Share of Towers Perrin common stock (other than shares that will be converted into shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock as detailed below) that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock (in various subclasses); and |
| | Towers Perrin RSU that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock, subject to certain contractual restrictions as discussed more fully in this document (we refer to these restricted shares as the Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock). |
The number of shares to be received by the Towers Perrin security holders (including shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock and Towers Watson Class S common stock, as discussed below) will be determined at the mergers closing based on the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio. The Towers Perrin final exchange ratio will be calculated so that Towers Perrin security holders will receive, in the aggregate, a number of shares equal to 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock then outstanding.
The shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock received by each Towers Perrin shareholder (other than a shareholder who makes a valid Class R or Class S election for some or all of his or her shares) will be issued in equal amounts as follows:
| | 25% will be shares of Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock, par value $0.01 per share; |
| | 25% will be shares of Towers Watson Class B-2 common stock, par value $0.01 per share; |
| | 25% will be shares of Towers Watson Class B-3 common stock, par value $0.01 per share; and |
| | 25% will be shares of Towers Watson Class B-4 common stock, par value $0.01 per share. |
Towers Watsons Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (which we refer to as Towers Watsons certificate of incorporation) provides that Towers Watson Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock on the following schedule:
| | Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock: First anniversary of the effective time; |
| | Towers Watson Class B-2 common stock: Second anniversary of the effective time; |
| | Towers Watson Class B-3 common stock: Third anniversary of the effective time; and |
| | Towers Watson Class B-4 common stock: Fourth anniversary of the effective time. |
The Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be received by a holder of Towers Perrin RSUs will vest over a three-year period; one-third will vest automatically on each of the first three anniversaries of the effective time so long as the holder of these shares remains an employee of Towers Watson or one of its subsidiaries as of each such anniversary (subject to acceleration as discussed more fully in this document). In addition, the number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be received by a holder of Towers Perrin RSUs is subject to pro rata adjustment as discussed more fully in the section The Merger Agreement Vesting, Forfeiture, Transfer and Reallocation Provisions.
Shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock and Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock will be restricted and not freely transferable, as detailed more fully in this document. Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt believe these restrictions are:
| | Necessary to ensure a controlled distribution of Towers Watson Class A common stock after completion of the merger and to reduce the possibility that the volume of shares distributed at the |
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| effective time will cause a substantial decline in the stock price of Towers Watson Class A common stock as compared with the pre-closing price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock. |
| | Not necessary to impose on the Towers Watson Class A common stock issued in the merger to Watson Wyatt stockholders because the shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock they will exchange in the merger are already freely transferable (subject to any applicable restrictions on transfer imposed by the U.S. federal securities laws) and an orderly market in such freely tradable shares exists. |
Watson Wyatt Security Holders and Holders of Watson Wyatt Options
The merger agreement provides that each:
| | Share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive one fully paid and nonassessable share of Towers Watson Class A common stock; and |
| | Watson Wyatt DSU that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time whose performance conditions (if any) have been satisfied or deemed satisfied by the compensation committee of Watson Wyatts board of directors will be settled with one share of Towers Watson Class A common stock. Any issued and outstanding Watson Wyatt DSUs whose performance criteria have not been satisfied or deemed satisfied will be canceled and will not be exchanged for Towers Watson Class A common stock. |
| | Watson Wyatt option will vest immediately and will be exchanged for a vested option to purchase shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, on the same terms and at the same exercise price as the Watson Wyatt option. |
Watson Wyatts security holders will receive, in the aggregate, a number of shares equal to 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock then outstanding.
Towers Watson Class A common stock issued to Watson Wyatt security holders will not be subject to any contractual transfer restrictions and is expected to be listed on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol TW.
Description of Class R and Class S Elections (See page 119)
Subject to proration as described more fully in this document, Towers Perrin shareholders who meet defined age plus years of service criteria (subject to certain exceptions) may elect to designate between 50% and 100% of their Towers Perrin shares to be converted into shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock. In this document, we refer to the Towers Perrin shareholders who are eligible to make this designation as the Class R Eligible Participants and those Class R Eligible Participants who make a valid Class R election as Class R Participants. Towers Watson Class R common stock will be automatically redeemed by Towers Watson on the first business day following the effective time for an amount comprised of equal amounts of cash and one-year subordinated promissory notes issued by Towers Watson. In this document, we refer to these subordinated notes as the Towers Watson Notes. In addition, U.S. Class R Participants will receive from Towers Perrin or Towers Watson additional compensation to help compensate them for some of the additional federal taxes payable as a result of some of the consideration paid to Class R Participants being treated as ordinary compensation income and not capital gain income. A Class R Participant who is taxable in a jurisdiction other than or in addition to the U.S. may also receive additional compensation if a portion of the individuals merger consideration is subject to ordinary income tax and the applicable tax rate on ordinary income is greater than the tax rate on capital gains. While the decision as to whether any such person will receive additional compensation and the amount of such additional compensation will be determined by Towers Perrin on a case by case basis, Towers Perrin expects to treat such persons in a manner similar to U.S. Class R Participants.
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The aggregate maximum number of shares of Towers Perrin common stock held by Class R Participants that may be converted into Towers Watson Class R common stock is equal to the number of shares obtained by dividing (1) $400 million (which amount may be decreased if the Class R election is undersubscribed) by (2) the final transaction value per Towers Perrin share, which value depends on the closing price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately prior to the closing of the merger. This information (and therefore the exact amount of consideration that the Class R Participants will receive) will not be available at the time Towers Perrin shareholders vote on the merger agreement proposal or when Class R Participants make their Class R election.
A Class R Eligible Participant will be required to make a Class R election by December 24, 2009. In order to make a valid Class R election, a Class R Eligible Participant must, among other things, agree to terminate his or her employment with Towers Perrin on or before the 30th day following the effective time (unless another time is agreed to by the Towers Watson Executive Committee) and enter into a confidentiality and non-solicitation agreement. As a result, a Class R Eligible Participant who makes a valid Class R election will not be employed with Towers Watson, Towers Perrin, or Watson Wyatt after 30 days following the effective time.
If a Class R Eligible Participant makes a valid Class R election, the shares of Towers Perrin common stock held by such shareholder that are not subject to the Class R election (because the Class R Eligible Participant designated less than 100% of his or her shares) or not converted into shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock (because the Class R election is oversubscribed) will be converted instead into Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock as described more fully in this document. If a Class R Eligible Participant does not make a valid Class R election, then this shareholder will receive shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock (consisting of the various subclasses) in the same manner as any other Towers Perrin shareholder would receive as merger consideration.
In the event that the Class R election is undersubscribed by Class R Participants such that the Class R Participants subscribe for less than $200,000,000, then Watson Wyatt may elect no later than January 11, 2010, 2009 to cause Towers Perrin to offer to all other Towers Perrin shareholders who are not Class R Eligible Participants the right to make a Class S election. These shareholders would be entitled to designate, subject to proration, up to 20% of their shares of Towers Perrin common stock to be converted into shares of Towers Watson Class S common stock. The total amount of cash and Towers Watson Notes available to repurchase shares from the Class S participants would equal the amount (if any) by which $200,000,000 exceeds the aggregate amount of cash and principal of Towers Watson Notes issued to Class R Participants. Each share of Towers Watson Class S common stock will be automatically redeemed by Towers Watson on the first business day following the effective time for an amount of cash equal to the final transaction value per Towers Perrin share, which value depends on the closing price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately prior to the mergers closing. As noted above, this information (and therefore the exact amount of consideration that a Towers Perrin shareholder will receive if they make a valid Class S election) will not be available at the time Towers Perrin shareholders vote on the merger agreement proposal or when such Towers Perrin shareholders make a Class S election. If the Class R election is undersubscribed and Watson Wyatt determines to pursue a Class S election, Towers Perrin will promptly provide additional information to Towers Perrin shareholders eligible to make a Class S election.
For a more detailed description on how a Class R Eligible Participant makes or revokes a Class R election, the specific consideration to be received if a Class R Eligible Participant makes or fails to make a Class R election, and other matters related to making valid Class R and Class S elections, please see The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections beginning on page 119 of this document.
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Type and Amounts of Consideration to be Received: The diagrams below reflect the types and amounts of consideration to be received by the Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt security holders in the merger (assuming that no Class S election is made available), including consideration to be issued upon redemption of Towers Watson Class R common stock on the first business day following the effective time. The diagrams below are based on assumptions regarding the number of shareholders who make valid Class R elections and the number of shares they designate to be exchanged in the merger for Towers Watson Class R common stock; actual results will vary depending on the overall number of shares of Towers Perrin common stock designated for conversion to shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock. The information below is based on an assumed closing of October 30, 2009 and the following additional assumptions:
| | The number of fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares equals 42,600,632 shares (this term is defined in the The Merger Agreement Conversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards). |
| | The total number of outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock for purposes of calculating the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio is 70,209.60 shares, which does not include any Towers Perrin RSUs or any shares issuable upon conversion of any Towers Perrin RSUs (as explained more fully in the The Merger Agreement Conversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards). |
| | The Towers Perrin final exchange ratio equals 546.087270117 (which was calculated by dividing the fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares by the quotient of (a) the total outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock as of the relevant date, divided by (b) 0.9). |
| | Class R Eligible Participants, who collectively own approximately 55.8% of the 70,209.60 total shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding, make valid Class R elections with respect to 30% of the 70,209.60 total shares outstanding, or 21,062.88 shares. |
| | Every Class R Eligible Participant who makes a valid Class R election elects to designate 100% of his or her shares of Towers Perrin common stock as shares to be converted into Towers Watson Class R common stock. |
| | The total amount of cash and Towers Watson Notes available to repurchase shares from the Class R Eligible Participants equals $400,000,000 (which amount may be decreased if the Class R election is undersubscribed). |
| | The final Watson Wyatt stock price equals $44.78 (the term final Watson Wyatt stock price is defined in the The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections and means the average closing price per share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock (rounded to the nearest cent) for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately prior to the mergers closing). |
| | The number of Towers Perrin RSUs outstanding immediately prior to the effective time is equal to 10% of the sum of such number of Towers Perrin RSUs plus the total shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time. |
| | The percentages of Towers Watson common stock outstanding are calculated prior to the redemption of the Towers Watson Class R common stock for cash and Towers Watson Notes (and the issuance of additional Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock). |
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Type of Consideration Received
| * | In addition to the following consideration, Towers Perrin shareholders (including those making a valid Class R or Class S election) will receive shares of Towers Watson Class F stock which will solely entitle these shareholders to receive, upon the automatic exchange of Class F shares after the third anniversary of the effective time, a number of shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock equal to their pro rata portion of the Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock (together with a number of additional Class A shares with a value equal to all dividends, without interest, paid with respect to the forfeited shares) forfeited, if any, by holders of Towers Perrin RSUs, as described in The Merger Agreement Vesting, Forfeiture, Transfer and Reallocation Provisions Vesting, Forfeiture, Transfer and Reallocation Provisions Applicable to Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock. |
| ** | See The Merger Agreement Conversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards for a description of Guaranteed RSU Holders. |
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Amounts to be Received
| Securities to be Exchanged in the Merger | Amount and Type of Securities to be Received in the Merger | |
| 1 share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock | 1 share of Towers Watson Class A common stock(1) | |
| 1 share of Towers Perrin common stock | 546.087270117 shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock, in the aggregate, consisting of:(2) | |
| 136.521817529 shares of Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock | ||
| 136.521817529 shares of Towers Watson Class B-2 common stock | ||
| 136.521817529 shares of Towers Watson Class B-3 common stock | ||
| 136.521817529 shares of Towers Watson Class B-4 common stock | ||
| 1 share of Towers Perrin common stock | $9,495.38 in cash(3) | |
| Assuming a Class R election is made | $9,495.38 in principal amount of Towers Watson Notes(3) | |
| 121.9972 shares of Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock(3) | ||
| 1 Towers Perrin RSU | 546.087270117 shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock(4) | |
| (1) | Represents the product of 1 share multiplied by the Watson Wyatt final exchange ratio (1 share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock). |
| (2) | Represents the product of 1 share multiplied by the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio (546.087270117 shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock for each share of Towers Perrin common stock). |
| (3) | Based on the various assumptions applicable to these diagrams (which includes an oversubscription of the Class R election), 16,357.3840 shares (23.30%) of the outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock will be converted into Towers Watson Class R common stock in the merger. Based solely upon these assumptions, the total number of shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock to be issued in the merger will be the quotient of (a) the aggregate dollar amount of $400,000,000 divided by (b) the final transaction value per Towers Perrin share (as described in The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Election, and which generally means the quotient of (i) the product of the fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares (42,600,632) multiplied by the final Watson Wyatt stock price ($44.78), divided by (ii) the total number of fully diluted shares of Towers Perrin common stock immediately before the effective time (which for purposes of this illustrative example is assumed to be 78,010.67)). |
| (4) | Represents the product of 1 Towers Perrin RSU multiplied the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio (546.087270117 shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock for each share of Towers Perrin RSU). The number of Towers Perrin RSUs to be owned by a holder of a Guaranteed Towers Perrin Award is equal to (a) the guaranteed dollar amount set forth in the award letter for such holders Guaranteed Towers Perrin Award, divided by (b) the product of (i) the final Watson Wyatt stock price ($44.78) multiplied by (ii) Towers Perrin final exchange ratio (546.087270117). These calculations are based in part on the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio and the assumption that the number of Towers Perrin RSUs outstanding immediately prior to the effective time is equal to 10% of the sum of such number of Towers Perrin RSUs plus the total shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time. The actual number of shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be received in the merger by holders of Towers Perrin RSUs in exchange for their Towers Perrin RSUs is only based in part on, rather than equal to, the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio. Various events may cause the ratio of Towers Perrin RSUs to Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to vary, including the termination of the employment for any reason of holders of Towers Perrin RSUs and/or Towers Perrin shareholders between the date of this document and the effective time. Adjustments to reflect these various events may be necessary. |
Market Prices on Important Dates
Towers Perrin
Towers Perrin common stock is not publicly traded.
Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws contains various provisions requiring a shareholder who ceases to be a Towers Perrin employee (whether because of retirement, death, termination of employment, or otherwise) to sell his or her shares of common stock back to Towers Perrin for a consideration per share equal to the redemption
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value per share, which payment will be made by Towers Perrin pursuant to a specified payment plan over time. In general, Article VI defines redemption value per share as the total shareholder investment on the preceding December 31st, as reflected in Towers Perrins audited financial statements, less the liquidation value of preferred shares then outstanding (and subject to certain pension related adjustments), divided by the number of common shares (net of treasury shares) then outstanding. Please note that the actual term used in Article VI is book value per share, but for purposes of this document this term is referred to as redemption value per share. As of December 31, 2008, the redemption value per share was $3,642.00 and a Towers Perrin shareholder who ceases to be a Towers Perrin employee in 2009 would receive this amount (paid in installment payments, with interest) for each share of Towers Perrin common stock repurchased by Towers Perrin.
There are approximately 650 holders of Towers Perrin common stock. Towers Perrin does not currently pay dividends on its common stock.
There are approximately 654 holders of Towers Perrin RSUs.
Watson Wyatt
Watson Wyatt Class A common stock is traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol WW. The closing price per share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock was as follows:
| | $41.18 on June 26, 2009, which was the last full trading day before Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt announced the merger; and |
| | $44.31 on November 6, 2009, which was the last full trading day before the date of this document. |
The Special Meetings (See page 55)
Towers Perrin Special Meeting
Where and when: The Towers Perrin special meeting will take place at the Stamford Marriott Hotel & Spa located at 243 Tresser Boulevard, Stamford, Connecticut 06901, on December 18, 2009 at 9:00 a.m., local time.
What you are being asked to vote on: At the Towers Perrin special meeting, Towers Perrin shareholders will vote on the:
| | Approval and adoption of the merger agreement; |
| | Amendment of Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws, which contains transfer and ownership restrictions on shares of Towers Perrin common stock that must be amended to complete the merger; and |
| | Adjournment(s) of the Towers Perrin special meeting to solicit additional proxies. |
Towers Perrin shareholders also may be asked to consider other matters that may properly come before the Towers Perrin special meeting. At the present time, Towers Perrin knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the Towers Perrin special meeting.
Who may vote: A Towers Perrin shareholder may vote at the Towers Perrin special meeting if he or she was a record holder of Towers Perrin common stock at the close of business on November 2, 2009. On that date, there were 70,209.60 shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding. Towers Perrin shareholders may cast one vote (or fraction of a vote) for each share (or fraction of a share) of Towers Perrin common stock that they owned on that date. For the avoidance of doubt, holders of any other Towers Perrin security, such as Towers Perrin RSUs or warrants, do not have voting rights and will not be entitled to vote at the Towers Perrin special meeting on any matter.
What vote is needed: The affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock is required to approve and adopt the merger agreement and to
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amend Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast at the Towers Perrin special meeting is required to approve any other proposal at Towers Perrins special meeting.
It is important to note that the merger will not be completed unless the holders of two-thirds of the issued and outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock vote FOR both the proposal to approve and adopt the merger agreement and the proposal to amend Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws.
Watson Wyatt Special Meeting
Where and when: The Watson Wyatt special meeting will take place at Westin Arlington Gateway, 801 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22203, on December 18, 2009 at 10:00 a.m., local time. Watson Wyatt stockholders who are entitled to vote may attend the Watson Wyatt special meeting.
What you are being asked to vote on: At the Watson Wyatt special meeting, Watson Wyatt stockholders will be asked to consider and vote on the:
| | Approval and adoption of the merger agreement; |
| | Approval of the Towers Watson & Co. 2009 Long Term Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the Towers Watson Incentive Plan. Towers Watson intends to implement the Towers Watson Incentive Plan so it can make equity incentive compensation awards to directors, officers and employees of Towers Watson following the consummation of the merger. The completion of the merger is not conditioned upon the approval of the Towers Watson Incentive Plan proposal. However, under the NYSE and NASDAQ rules, the implementation of the Towers Watson Incentive Plan is subject to approval by only the stockholders of Watson Wyatt (i.e., Towers Perrin shareholders are not required to vote on this proposal) and the consummation of the merger. If the proposals to approve and adopt the merger agreement do not receive the requisite stockholder approvals or if the merger agreement is terminated for any reason, then the Towers Watson Incentive Plan will not be implemented; and |
| | Adjournment(s) of the Watson Wyatt special meeting to solicit additional proxies. |
Watson Wyatt stockholders may be asked to consider other matters that properly come before the Watson Wyatt special meeting. At the present time, Watson Wyatt knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the Watson Wyatt special meeting.
Who may vote: Watson Wyatt stockholders are entitled to receive this notice and to vote at the Watson Wyatt special meeting if they were a record holder of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock at the close of business on the Watson Wyatt record date, November 3, 2009. On that date, there were 42,307,754 shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Watson Wyatt stockholders may cast one vote for each share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock that they owned on the Watson Wyatt record date.
What vote is needed: The affirmative vote, cast in person or by proxy, of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock entitled to vote is required to approve and adopt the merger agreement. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented and entitled to vote on the subject matter at the Watson Wyatt special meeting is required to approve all other proposals at the Watson Wyatt special meeting.
Recommendations to Stockholders (See pages 73 and 78)
To Towers Perrin Shareholders
After careful consideration of numerous factors, Towers Perrins board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and determined that the merger agreement is advisable and in the best interests
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of Towers Perrin, its shareholders and other constituencies. Accordingly, the Towers Perrin board of directors recommends that Towers Perrin shareholders vote FOR the proposals to (1) approve and adopt the merger agreement, and (2) amend Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws.
On June 26, 2009, concurrently with the execution of the merger agreement and as a condition of and inducement to Watson Wyatts willingness to enter into the merger agreement, each of Towers Perrins executive officers and directors entered into a voting agreement with Watson Wyatt and agreed to, among other things, vote his or her shares of Towers Perrin common stock in favor of the foregoing proposals. A form of this voting agreement is attached as Annex B-1 to this document. Accordingly, holders of approximately 6.82% of the outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock as of November 2, 2009, the Towers Perrin record date, are contractually obligated to vote to approve and adopt the merger agreement. See Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Voting Agreements. The affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the issued and outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock is required to approve and adopt the merger agreement.
To Watson Wyatt Stockholders
After careful consideration of numerous factors, Watson Wyatts board of directors unanimously approved the merger agreement and determined that the merger agreement is advisable and in the best interests of Watson Wyatt and its stockholders. Accordingly, the Watson Wyatt board of directors recommends that Watson Wyatt stockholders vote FOR the proposals to (1) approve and adopt the merger agreement, and to (2) approve the Towers Watson Incentive Plan.
On June 26, 2009, concurrently with the execution of the merger agreement and as a condition of and inducement to Towers Perrins willingness to enter into the merger agreement, certain executive officers and all directors of Watson Wyatt entered into a voting agreement with Towers Perrin and agreed, among other things, to vote his or her shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement. A form of this voting agreement is attached as Annex B-2 to this document. Accordingly, holders of approximately 1.7% of the outstanding shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock as of October 29, 2009 are contractually obligated to vote to approve and adopt the merger agreement. See Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Voting Agreements. The affirmative vote, cast in person or by proxy, of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock entitled to vote is required to approve and adopt the merger agreement.
Towers Perrins Reasons for the Merger (See page 73)
The Towers Perrin board of directors believes that the merger will create one of the worlds leading professional services firms, well positioned for sustained growth and profitability across its geographies and business segments. Towers Perrins board of directors considered, in consultation with its legal and financial advisors, various factors in approving the merger agreement, including the opportunity of Towers Perrins shareholders to become stockholders of a company with greater financial and market strength than Towers Perrin on its own, the increased market liquidity expected to result from exchanging stock in a private company for publicly traded securities of Towers Watson, the strategic fit between Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, the complementary nature of their businesses and client bases, and the fact that the combined company would be led by a strong, experienced management team, assuring the continuity of the mission, vision and values that drove Towers Perrin as a stand-alone company. In addition, Towers Perrins board of directors considered, in consultation with its legal and financial advisors, various potential negative factors, including the impact of potential client or employee defections after announcement of the merger; the possibility of management and employee disruption associated with the merger and integrating the operations of the companies, including the risk that, despite the efforts of the combined company, employees of Towers Perrin might not remain employed with the combined company; the risk that if the merger is not completed as anticipated, Towers Perrin would fall
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further behind in effectuating its long-term growth strategy, which requires a currency in the form of publicly-traded stock to execute the inorganic growth component of that strategy; and the potential limited liquidity of shares of Towers Watson common stock received by Towers Perrin security holders in the merger. In reviewing these factors, including information obtained through due diligence, the Towers Perrin board of directors concluded that the potential benefits outweighed the potential risks associated with the merger. See Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Recommendation of Towers Perrins Board of Directors and Reasons for the Merger.
Watson Wyatts Reasons for the Merger (See page 78)
The Watson Wyatt board of directors believes that the merger presents a strategic opportunity to expand through a combination with the complementary human capital and risk management business of Towers Perrin. In reaching its decision to adopt the merger agreement and recommend the approval and adoption of the merger agreement to its stockholders, Watson Wyatts board of directors consulted with management, as well as its legal and financial advisors, and considered a number of factors, including each of Watson Wyatts and Towers Perrins business, operations, financial condition, asset quality and earnings, Watson Wyatts stock performance and the other matters referred to under Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Recommendation of Watson Wyatts Board of Directors and Reasons for the Merger. Watson Wyatts board of directors also considered potential risks in connection with the proposed merger, including the challenges of combining the businesses, assets and workforces of two large companies, the risks that anticipated synergies and other potential benefits of the merger may not be fully realized and may be more expensive to achieve than anticipated and the risk that the merger could be dilutive to Towers Watsons earnings per share as compared with Watson Wyatts earnings per share. In reviewing these factors, including information obtained through due diligence, the board of directors concluded that the potential positive factors outweighed the potential risks associated with the merger. In particular, the board of directors determined that Towers Perrins business and operations, which complement those of Watson Wyatt, and the synergies potentially available in the merger, create the opportunity for the combined company to have superior future earnings and prospects compared to Watson Wyatts earnings and prospects on a stand-alone basis.
Opinion of Towers Perrins Financial Advisor (See page 81)
Goldman, Sachs & Co., which we refer to as Goldman Sachs, delivered its opinion to Towers Perrins board of directors that, as of June 26, 2009 and based upon and subject to factors and assumptions set forth in its opinion, the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio of Towers Watson Class B common stock pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to the shareholders of Towers Perrin common stock.
The full text of the written opinion of Goldman Sachs, dated June 26, 2009, which sets forth assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, is attached as Annex C. Goldman Sachs provided its opinion for the information and assistance of Towers Perrins board of directors in connection with its consideration of the merger. The Goldman Sachs opinion is not a recommendation as to how any holder of Towers Perrin common stock should vote with respect to the merger agreement proposal or any other matter.
Opinion of Watson Wyatts Financial Advisor (See page 90)
In connection with the merger, Banc of America Securities LLC (which we refer to as BofA Merrill Lynch), Watson Wyatts financial advisor, delivered to Watson Wyatts board of directors a written opinion, dated June 26, 2009, as to the fairness, from a financial point of view and as of the date of the opinion, to the holders of Watson Wyatt common stock of the exchange ratio provided for in the merger for one share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each outstanding share of Watson Wyatt common stock (which we refer to as
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the Watson Wyatt final exchange ratio). The full text of the written opinion, dated June 26, 2009, of BofA Merrill Lynch, which describes, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, factors considered and limitations on the review undertaken, is attached as Annex D to this document and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. BofA Merrill Lynch provided its opinion to Watson Wyatts board of directors for the benefit and use of Watson Wyatts board of directors in connection with and for purposes of its evaluation of the Watson Wyatt final exchange ratio from a financial point of view. BofA Merrill Lynchs opinion does not address any other aspect of the merger and does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how to vote or act in connection with the proposed merger.
Directors and Executive Officers of Towers Watson After the Merger (See page 156)
Directors After the Merger. Towers Watsons board of directors immediately following completion of the merger will consist of 12 individuals, six of whom will be designated by Towers Perrin and six of whom will be designated by Watson Wyatt. Four of Towers Perrins designees must be independent, and four of Watson Wyatts designees must be independent.
One of Watson Wyatts designees to the Towers Watson board of directors will be John J. Haley, who will serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors. One of Towers Perrins designees to the Towers Watson board of directors will be Mark V. Mactas, who will serve as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors. See Directors and Executive Officers of Towers Watson After the Merger Directors After the Merger for additional information regarding the remaining directors.
The initial term of these twelve directors will end upon the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified pursuant to the terms of Towers Watsons certificate of incorporation and Towers Watsons Amended and Restated Bylaws (which we refer to as Towers Watsons bylaws). After the first annual meeting, directors will serve for one-year terms. Towers Watsons bylaws provide that in any election of directors, each director will be elected by the vote of a majority of the votes cast. However, if as of a date that is five business days before the filing of Towers Watsons definitive proxy statement with the SEC the number of director nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors will be elected by a plurality of the shares represented at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors.
Executive Officers After the Merger. Following completion of the merger, John J. Haley, currently the President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Watson Wyatt will serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Towers Watson. Mark V. Mactas, currently President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Towers Perrin, will serve as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Operating Officer of Towers Watson. For additional information regarding the executive officers of Towers Watson following the effective time, see Directors and Executive Officers of Towers Watson After the Merger Executive Officers After the Merger.
Interests of Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Stockholders of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt in the Merger (See pages 97 and 99)
Some of the directors and executive officers of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have interests in the merger that are different from, or are in addition to, the interests of their respective companys stockholders generally. These interests include, as applicable, positions as directors or executive officers of Towers Watson, potential benefits under employment or benefit arrangements that may be available as a result of the merger, payment or accelerated vesting or distribution of rights or benefits under certain of their respective compensation and benefit plans or arrangements as a result of the merger, potential severance and other benefit payments in the event of termination of employment in connection with the merger, and the right to continued indemnification and insurance coverage by Towers Watson for acts or omissions occurring prior to the merger. In addition, two directors and an executive officer of Towers Perrin have been awarded Towers Perrin RSUs, which will convert in the merger into Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock.
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Finally, upon the closing of the merger, (1) certain Towers Perrin executive officers will be eligible for payments with respect to their transaction based compensation agreements, and (2) certain Watson Wyatt executive officers and directors will be entitled to payments with respect to their equity-based awards and deferred compensation.
In recommending that their respective companys stockholders approve and adopt the merger agreement, the boards of directors of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt were aware of these interests and considered them in approving the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
The Merger Agreement (See page 108)
The merger agreement is attached to this document as Annex A. We encourage you to read the merger agreement because it is the legal document that governs the merger.
What We Need to Do to Complete the Merger. Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt will complete the merger only if the conditions set forth in the merger agreement are satisfied or, in some cases, waived. These conditions include, among others:
| | Approval and adoption of the merger agreement by Towers Perrins shareholders and approval of the amendment to Article VI of Towers Perrins bylaws by Towers Perrins shareholders; |
| | Approval and adoption of the merger agreement by Watson Wyatts stockholders; |
| | Expiration of applicable antitrust waiting periods or the receipt of necessary antitrust approvals; |
| | Absence of legal prohibitions to the merger; |
| | Continued effectiveness of the registration statement of which this document is a part; |
| | Approval for listing on the NYSE of the shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock to be issued in the merger; |
| | Holders of not more than 10% of the outstanding shares of Towers Perrins common stock at the closing of the merger seek dissenters rights under the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law, referred to as the PBCL; |
| | Accuracy of each companys representations and warranties; |
| | Performance by each company of its obligations under the merger agreement; |
| | The absence of a material adverse effect with respect to Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, as the case may be, which has not been cured; |
| | Receipt of a legal opinion from each of counsel for Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt as to the treatment of the Towers Perrin merger and Watson Wyatt merger, respectively, for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and |
| | The absence of certain professional liability claims against either Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, as the case may be, arising out of or in connection with services or failure to provide services, which claim(s) the board of directors of Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, as the case may be, determines in good faith has a reasonable likelihood of success and would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect on Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, as the case may be. |
No Solicitation. Subject to certain important exceptions, the merger agreement generally restricts the ability of Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt to solicit or engage in discussions or negotiations with a third party regarding a proposal to acquire a significant interest in either entity.
Termination of the Merger Agreement; Fees Payable. Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt may jointly agree to terminate the merger agreement at any time. Either Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt may also terminate the merger agreement in various circumstances, including failure to receive necessary stockholder approvals, as applicable, and upon the breach by the other party of certain of its obligations under the merger agreement.
In several circumstances involving a change in the recommendation of the Towers Perrin board of directors or the Watson Wyatt board of directors to vote for the approval and adoption of the merger agreement,
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certain actions with respect to a third-party acquisition proposal or breach of the merger agreement, either Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt may become obligated to pay to the other $65 million in termination fees or up to $10 million in expense reimbursement. See The Merger Agreement Termination Fees; Expenses.
Material Income Tax Considerations (See page 137)
Tax matters are very complicated. The tax consequences of the merger to you will depend on your specific situation. You should consult your tax advisor for a full understanding of the U.S. federal, state, local, UK and Canadian tax consequences of the merger to you, as well as tax consequences in any other jurisdiction that may be relevant to you. See Material Income Tax Considerations for a description of the U.S., U.K. and Canadian income tax consequences of the merger.
For Towers Perrin Shareholders
U.S. Tax Consequences. It is a condition to Towers Perrins obligation to consummate the merger that it receive an opinion from its counsel, dated as of the closing date of the merger, to the effect that the Towers Perrin merger will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a transfer of property to Towers Watson by the holders of Towers Perrin common stock, as described in Section 351(a) or Section 351(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (which we refer to as the Code) or a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, or both. Accordingly, the exchange of Towers Perrin common stock solely for Towers Watson Class B common stock by holders of Towers Perrin common stock should generally be nontaxable to such holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, under certain circumstances, tax may be imposed on the receipt of merger consideration. See Material Income Tax Considerations Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Towers Perrin Shares.
Towers Perrin shareholders who make a Class R or Class S election generally will recognize gain, but not loss, on the exchange and will be taxable on the lesser of (1) the amount of cash and the fair market value of Towers Watson Notes treated as received in exchange for their Towers Perrin common stock and (2) the amount of gain realized on the exchange. In addition, a portion of the consideration payable to a Class R Participant will be treated as compensation income and taxable at ordinary income tax rates. See Material Income Tax Considerations Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Towers Perrin Shares Consequences to U.S. Holders Who Make a Class R Election or a Class S Election.
A Towers Perrin employee who is a U.S. person who holds Towers Perrin RSUs should generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at ordinary income rates only when the Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock received in exchange for his or her Towers Perrin RSUs vests.
U.K. Tax Consequences. A U.K. holder of Towers Perrin common stock, other than a Class R Participant who makes a valid Class R election and a U.K. holder of Towers Perrin common stock who makes a valid Class S election, generally will not recognize income, gain or loss upon the receipt of Towers Watson Class B common stock in exchange for Towers Perrin common stock in the Towers Perrin merger. A U.K. holder of Towers Perrin common stock is treated for the purposes of U.K. capital gains tax as not having made a disposal of Towers Perrin common stock, and the shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock (taken as a single asset) are treated as the same asset, acquired at the same time, as the Towers Perrin common stock.
A U.K. holder of Towers Perrin common stock who receives consideration in the Towers Perrin merger consisting in whole or in part of (1) shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock and Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock or (2) or Towers Watson Class S common stock will generally not recognize income, gain or loss on the receipt of such consideration for his or her shares of Towers Perrin common stock, but should recognize gain or loss when shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock are redeemed for cash and, in the case of a Class R Participant, when the Towers Watson Notes are redeemed for cash.
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Canadian Tax Consequences. Unless a Canadian holder of shares of Towers Perrin common stock elects to realize a gain or loss with respect to the Towers Perrin merger, the Canadian holder will generally be deemed to have disposed of the shares of Towers Perrin common stock for proceeds of disposition equal to the adjusted cost base of those shares to the Canadian holder and to have acquired shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock for the same amount. Accordingly, no gain or loss should be realized by a Canadian holder upon the receipt of shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock, Towers Watson Class R common stock, Towers Watson Class S common stock, or Towers Watson Class F stock in exchange for shares of Towers Perrin common stock in the Towers Perrin merger.
On the redemption of a share of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock, a Canadian holder will be deemed to have disposed of such share for proceeds of disposition equal to the fair market value of the consideration (whether paid in cash or Towers Watson Notes) received on the redemption. The Canadian holder will realize a capital gain (or capital loss) equal to the amount by which the proceeds of disposition of the share of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock, as the case may be, net of any reasonable costs of disposition, exceed (or are less than) the adjusted cost base of the share of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock, as the case may be, to the Canadian holder.
For Watson Wyatt Stockholders
U.S. Tax Consequences. It is a condition to Watson Wyatts obligation to consummate the merger that it receive an opinion of its counsel, dated as of the closing date of the merger, to the effect that the Watson Wyatt merger will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a transfer of property to Towers Watson by the holders of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock, as described in Section 351(a) or Section 351(b) of the Code or a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, or both. Accordingly, the exchange of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock solely for Towers Watson Class A common stock by holders of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock should generally be nontaxable to such holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See Material Income Tax Considerations Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Watson Wyatt Shares.
U.K. Tax Consequences. A U.K. holder of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock generally will not recognize income, gain or loss upon the receipt of shares of Towers Watson common stock in exchange for Watson Wyatt Class A common stock in the Watson Wyatt merger. A U.K. holder is treated for the purposes of U.K. capital gains tax as not having made a disposal of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock, and the shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock (taken as a single asset) are treated as the same asset, acquired at the same time, as the shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock.
Canadian Tax Consequences. Unless a Canadian holder of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock elects to realize a gain or loss with respect to the Watson Wyatt merger, the Canadian holder is generally deemed to have disposed of the shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock for proceeds of disposition equal to the adjusted cost base of those shares to the Canadian holder and to have acquired shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock for the same amount. Accordingly, no gain or loss should be realized by a Canadian holder upon the receipt of shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock in exchange for shares of Watson Wyatt stock in the Watson Wyatt merger.
Comparison of the Rights of Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt and Towers Watson Stockholders (See page 188)
Some of the rights of Towers Perrin shareholders and Watson Wyatt stockholders are different from the rights of a Towers Watson stockholder. One important difference is that Towers Watson has authorized multiple classes of common stock, some of which have vesting, forfeiture, transfer or reallocation features, while Towers
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Perrin and Watson Wyatt each have only one authorized class of common stock. In addition, certain important differences derive from the fact that (1) Towers Perrin is incorporated in Pennsylvania, while Watson Wyatt and Towers Watson (currently Jupiter Saturn Holding Company) are each incorporated in Delaware, and (2) Towers Watsons certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which will be in effect immediately at the effective time and will govern the rights of a Towers Watson stockholder, contain (or omit) certain key provisions found in the governing instruments of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, respectively. Based on the foregoing, please read carefully the summary of the material differences among the rights of Towers Watson stockholders, Towers Perrin shareholders and Watson Wyatt stockholders under Comparison of the Rights of Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt and Towers Watson Stockholders and the form of the Towers Watson certificate of incorporation and bylaws, copies of which are attached as Annex H to this document.
Other Information
Regulatory Requirements to Complete the Merger (See page 106). Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (referred to as the HSR Act), the merger may not be consummated unless certain filings have been submitted to the Federal Trade Commission (which we refer to as the FTC), and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (which we refer to as the Antitrust Division), and applicable waiting period requirements have been satisfied. On August 6, 2009, the parties request for early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act was granted.
In addition, the merger may not be consummated unless certain filings have been submitted and approved by the European Commission pursuant to the EC Merger Regulation and any other applicable approval and waiting period requirements have been satisfied. Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have filed a submission with the European Commission, and we believe that all approval and waiting period requirements will be satisfied. However, Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt and the Holding Company cannot assure you whether or when the waiting period requirements will be satisfied or required approvals obtained; nor can the companies assure you that other required regulatory approvals will be obtained and whether any such approval will be conditioned on actions materially adverse to the business or prospects of Towers Watson.
Listing of the Towers Watson Common Stock Issued in the Merger (See page 107). Towers Perrins common stock is not publicly traded. Watson Wyatts Class A common stock is currently listed on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol WW. Following completion of the merger, shares of common stock of Watson Wyatt will no longer be listed or traded on either the NYSE or NASDAQ. Shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock will be listed on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol TW, subject to the approval of the respective exchanges. Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt will use reasonable best efforts to prepare and submit to each of the NYSE and NASDAQ a listing application covering the shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock issuable in the merger; however only the listing of Towers Watson Class A common stock on the NYSE is a condition to the consummation of the merger.
Appraisal Rights (See page 103). Towers Perrin shareholders are entitled to dissent from approval of the merger agreement and demand payment of the fair value of their shares of Towers Perrin common stock in accordance with the procedures under Pennsylvania law. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law (which we refer to as the DGCL), Watson Wyatt stockholders are not entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the merger.
Accounting Treatment (See page 106). Although the business combination of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt is a merger of equals, generally accepted accounting principles require that one of the two companies in the merger be designated as the acquirer for accounting purposes based on the available evidence. Watson Wyatt will be treated as the acquiring entity for accounting purposes.
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SELECTED HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following tables present (1) selected historical financial information of Towers Perrin, (2) selected historical financial information of Watson Wyatt, and (3) selected unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information of Towers Watson, reflecting the merger.
Towers Perrin Selected Historical Financial Information
You should read the following selected financial information together with the Towers Perrin consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this document and the section entitled Towers Perrins Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, are derived from Towers Perrins audited financial statements, included elsewhere in this document. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, are derived from Towers Perrins audited financial statements that are not included in this document. Such financial data has been adjusted for the adoption of EITF Topic No. D-98, Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities, which Towers Perrin had not adopted in the audited financial statements for these periods. The statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 and the balance sheet data as of June 30, 2009 are derived from Towers Perrins unaudited interim financial statements, included elsewhere in this document. Towers Perrins unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as its audited statements and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly Towers Perrins consolidated results of operations and financial position for the periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the remainder of the full fiscal year or for any future period.
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| Year Ended December 31, | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue |
$ | 1,719,769 | $ | 1,641,135 | $ | 1,460,034 | $ | 1,366,873 | $ | 1,603,137 | $ | 758,661 | $ | 892,131 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits |
1,206,637 | 1,129,185 | 1,080,915 | 934,205 | 1,100,053 | 537,529 | 636,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative |
256,334 | 323,026 | 194,292 | 210,537 | 275,821 | 113,596 | 123,810 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy-related costs |
68,561 | 61,873 | 58,217 | 68,450 | 97,287 | 34,626 | 34,872 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional and subcontracted services |
122,379 | 120,981 | 89,990 | 80,223 | 44,128 | 63,992 | 59,361 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
36,986 | 34,711 | 31,021 | 31,502 | 56,082 | 18,364 | 16,592 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring (benefit) expense |
(351 | ) | (5,229 | ) | (7,274 | ) | 34,929 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses |
1,690,546 | 1,664,547 | 1,447,161 | 1,359,846 | 1,573,371 | 768,107 | 871,247 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) |
29,223 | (23,412 | ) | 12,873 | 7,027 | 29,766 | (9,446 | ) | 20,884 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of businesses(1) |
1,237 | 1,751 | 2,756 | 372,616 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating income |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and other income (expense), net |
23,879 | 25,850 | 24,104 | 23,873 | (1,311 | ) | 7,832 | 10,187 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in (loss) income of unconsolidated affiliates |
(14,949 | ) | (23,909 | ) | (14,570 | ) | (3,746 | ) | 1,621 | 7,588 | (5,960 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes |
39,390 | (19,720 | ) | 25,163 | 399,770 | 30,076 | 5,974 | 25,111 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense |
(34,450 | ) | (3,785 | ) | (44,258 | ) | (168,453 | ) | (18,267 | ) | (11,880 | ) | (6,107 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to mandatorily redeemable common shares |
$ | 4,940 | $ | (23,505 | ) | $ | (19,095 | ) | $ | 231,317 | $ | 11,809 | $ | (5,906 | ) | $ | 19,004 | |||||||||||
| As of December 31, | As of June 30, 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 486,864 | $ | 503,373 | $ | 580,978 | $ | 551,200 | $ | 424,626 | $ | 459,875 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total assets |
1,683,286 | 1,866,567 | 1,591,169 | 1,528,231 | 1,326,318 | 1,618,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable common shares |
257,688 | 301,435 | 301,804 | 305,954 | 43,662 | 264,390 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred stock |
| | | | 66,631 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other shareholders deficit |
(117,045 | ) | (37,621 | ) | (74,928 | ) | (68,132 | ) | (66,068 | ) | (117,045 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | In 2005 Towers Perrin transferred certain assets and liabilities of the Towers Perrin Administration Solutions (or TPAS) line of business with a net book value of approximately $38.0 million to Electronic Data Systems, Inc. and affiliates (or EDS) and ExcellerateHRO, a limited liability partnership 85% owned and controlled by EDS (or eHRO), for proceeds of approximately $471.3 million, which included cash of $381.4 million and a 15% interest in the limited liability partnership. After transaction related expenses of $12.3 million, Towers Perrin recorded a pre-tax gain of $372.6 million upon closing of the transaction, which is included in gain on sale of businesses in the above statement of operations data. |
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Watson Wyatt Selected Historical Financial Information
The following selected historical financial information for the five fiscal years ended June 30, 2009, which are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (or GAAP), has been derived from Watson Wyatts audited annual financial statements. This historical data is only a summary. You should read this information in conjunction with Watson Wyatts historical audited financial statements and related notes and the section entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Watson Wyatts annual reports and other information on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC), which are incorporated by reference into this document and from which this information is derived. For more information, see Additional Information Where You Can Find Additional Information on page 251.
| As of and for the Year Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Information: |
|||||||||||||||
| Revenue |
$ | 1,676,029 | $ | 1,760,055 | $ | 1,486,523 | $ | 1,271,811 | $ | 737,421 | |||||
| Income from operations |
209,383 | 226,773 | 179,305 | 132,417 | 80,785 | ||||||||||
| Net income |
$ | 146,458 | $ | 155,441 | $ | 116,275 | $ | 87,191 | $ | 52,162 | |||||
| Per Share Information: |
|||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: |
|||||||||||||||
| Basic |
$ | 3.43 | $ | 3.65 | $ | 2.74 | $ | 2.11 | $ | 1.60 | |||||
| Diluted(1) |
$ | 3.42 | $ | 3.50 | $ | 2.60 | $ | 2.01 | $ | 1.58 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share |
$ | 0.30 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.30 | |||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock: |
|||||||||||||||
| Basic (000) |
42,690 | 42,577 | 42,413 | 41,393 | 32,541 | ||||||||||
| Diluted (000) |
42,861 | 44,381 | 44,684 | 43,297 | 32,845 | ||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Information: |
|||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 209,832 | $ | 124,632 | $ | 248,186 | $ | 165,345 | $ | 168,076 | |||||
| Working capital |
228,460 | 172,241 | 326,354 | 197,312 | 236,658 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets |
728,987 | 870,943 | 594,651 | 511,116 | 22,664 | ||||||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 1,626,319 | $ | 1,715,976 | $ | 1,529,709 | $ | 1,240,359 | $ | 618,679 | |||||
| Revolving credit facility |
| | 105,000 | 30,000 | | ||||||||||
| Other long-term obligations(2) |
435,541 | 346,335 | 326,782 | 265,263 | 256,924 | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders equity |
$ | 853,638 | $ | 984,395 | $ | 787,519 | $ | 648,761 | $ | 234,203 | |||||
| (1) | The diluted earnings per share calculation for the years ended June 30, 2008, 2007 and 2006 assumes that 1,950,000 contingent shares related to the Watson Wyatt LLP business combination were issued and outstanding since July 31, 2005. The diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended June 30, 2008 also assumes that 218,089 contingent shares related to the business combination with Watson Wyatt Brans & Co. were issued and outstanding at July 1, 2007. All of these shares were issued during the three months ended June 30, 2008. |
| (2) | Other long-term obligations includes accrued retirement benefits, deferred rent and accrued lease losses, deferred income taxes and other long-term tax liabilities, contingency stock payable and other non-current liabilities. |
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Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial and Other Information
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information for the Holding Company gives effect to the merger as if it occurred as of June 30, 2009, for purposes of the balance sheet data, and as of July 1, 2008 for purposes of the statement of operations data. The pro forma balance sheet data combines Watson Wyatts historical audited consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2009 with Towers Perrins historical unaudited consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2009. The pro forma condensed combined statement of operations data combines Watson Wyatts historical audited consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 with Towers Perrins historical unaudited consolidated statement of operations data for the twelve months ended June 30, 2009. Watson Wyatts fiscal year ends on June 30 while Towers Perrins fiscal year ends on December 31. Towers Perrins financial information has been recast to conform with Watson Wyatts fiscal year end. The unaudited pro forma financial information below should be read together with the respective historical financial statements and related notes and sections entitled Towers Perrins Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this document and of Watson Wyatt incorporated by reference in this document. For more information, including a description of the assumptions on which this pro forma financial information is based, and other details, see the sections entitled Additional Information Where You Can Find Additional Information beginning on page 251 and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements beginning on page 207.
We believe Towers Watson will be one of the worlds leading professional services firms, well positioned for sustained growth and profitability across diversified geographies and business segments. We anticipate that the proposed transaction will provide Towers Watson with financial benefits that include increased revenue opportunities and reduced operating expenses, which are not reflected in the pro forma information, including:
| | The revenue growth that we expect Towers Watson to achieve from strengthening core services and expanding the existing portfolio of services. |
| | Anticipated pretax annual operational cost savings of approximately $80 million due to management headcount reductions and general and administrative savings, with full realization of these savings expected to take three years to achieve. |
| | An estimated $116 million reduction in annual aggregate Towers Perrin bonus payments to reflect compensation levels appropriate for Towers Watson as a public company. Compensation expense recorded by Towers Perrin and included in salaries and employee benefits expense has historically reflected its private company structure, where the majority of profits are paid to employees, including principals, each year. The $116 million reduction in bonus was determined by applying a methodology comparable to Watson Wyatts historical bonus practices to Towers Perrins financial results for the 12-month period ended June 30, 2009. |
| | Estimated annual savings of $41 million in compensation, benefits and other direct costs expected to result from the retirement of Class R eligible participants as of the effective time (these savings are not included in the estimated $80 million in annual operational costs savings or the estimated $116 million in bonus savings described above). |
We expect to incur certain costs in connection with the merger that are not reflected in the following pro forma information, including:
| | Expected one-time severance and information technology integration costs of approximately $80 million and expected additional charges as a result of integration. |
| | Other expected costs, such as rebranding costs, lease termination costs, facilities consolidation costs, tax restructuring, potential pension plan curtailment costs, potential increases in reserves associated with the restructuring of professional liability insurance and other integration costs. |
Pro forma earnings per share, in addition to excluding the financial benefits, reduced operating expenses and costs mentioned above, reflects the impact of significant non-cash, non-recurring expenses resulting from the
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merger, including compensation expense incurred as a result of the issuance of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to Towers Perrin RSU holders and the incremental amortization of acquired intangible assets.
Towers Perrin is a private, employee-owned corporation. As a result, Towers Perrins historical unaudited consolidated statement of operations for the twelve months ended June 30, 2009 does not reflect the level of net income that Towers Perrin expects to contribute to Towers Watson, as a public company.
The following pro forma information is provided for informational purposes only. Pro forma information does not purport to represent what Towers Watsons results of operation and financial position would have been had the merger been completed as of the dates indicated or be indicative of the results of operation or financial position that Towers Watson may achieve in the future.
| As of and for the Year Ended June 30, 2009 | |||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||
| Pro forma Statement of Operations Data |
|||
| Revenue |
$ | 3,279,715 | |
| Income from operations |
$ | 112,570 | |
| Net income attributable to controlling interests |
$ | 47,211 | |
| Basic and diluted earnings per common share |
$ | 0.62 | |
| Basic and diluted weighted-average shares of common stock |
76,023 | ||
| Pro forma Balance Sheet Data |
|||
| Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 650,383 | |
| Goodwill and intangible assets, net |
$ | 2,727,070 | |
| Total assets |
$ | 4,829,028 | |
| Long-term debt |
$ | | |
| Total stockholders equity |
$ | 2,212,302 | |
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Comparative Historical and Pro Forma Per Share Data
The following table presents historical per share data for Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt and pro forma per share data of Towers Watson. The pro forma per share data gives effect to the merger as if the merger had occurred on June 30, 2009, in the case of book value data presented, and as if the merger had occurred on July 1, 2008, in the case of earnings and dividend data. Towers Watson pro forma per share data was derived by combining information from the historical consolidated financial statements of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt giving effect to the merger under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. As a result, the pro forma combined per share data has been based upon certain assumptions and adjustments as discussed in the section entitled Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information. You should read this table in conjunction with the historical audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements of Towers Perrin contained elsewhere in this document and the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Watson Wyatt that are filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this document. See Additional Information Where You Can Find Additional Information and Towers Perrins Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The pro forma data below is presented for informational purposes only and you should not rely on the pro forma per share data as indicative of actual results had the merger occurred in the past, or of future results Towers Watson will achieve after the merger.
| Year ended June 30, 2009 | ||||||
| Watson Wyatt Historical Data(1) |
||||||
| Earnings per share: |
||||||
| Basic |
$ | 3.43 | ||||
| Diluted |
$ | 3.42 | ||||
| Cash dividends per share |
$ | 0.30 | ||||
| Book value per share as of June 30, 2009 |
$ | 20.01 | ||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2009 |
Year ended December 31, 2008 | |||||
| Towers Perrin Historical Data(2) |
||||||
| Redemption value per share during the period(3) |
$ | 3,642.00 | $ | 4,149.00 | ||
| Year ended June 30, 2009 | ||||||
| Towers Watson Pro Forma Data(4) |
||||||
| Earnings per share: |
||||||
| Basic |
$ | 0.62 | ||||
| Diluted |
$ | 0.62 | ||||
| Cash dividends per share |
$ | 0.30 | ||||
| Book value per share at the end of the period |
$ | 27.20 | ||||
| (1) | At June 30, 2009, there were 42,657,431 shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock outstanding. |
| (2) | Towers Perrin is not a publicly traded company and, accordingly, no information is presented regarding its earnings (loss) per share. |
| (3) | Article VI of the Towers Perrin bylaws sets forth the redemption value per share of Towers Perrin common stock, which for calendar year 2009 is $3,642.00 (i.e., the price at which a share of Towers Perrin common stock would be repurchased by Towers Perrin from shareholders who cease to be employees of Towers Perrin). At June 30, 2009, there were 70,319.76 shares of Towers Perrin mandatorily redeemable common stock outstanding. |
| (4) | Towers Watsons pro forma data includes the effect of the merger on the basis described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information included elsewhere in this document. |
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Comparative Value of Securities
Towers Watson Class A and Class B Common Stock
There is no trading market for Towers Perrin common stock, which is non-transferable and may only be repurchased by Towers Perrin. The following table sets forth the redemption value per share of Towers Perrin common stock (i.e., the price at which a share of Towers Perrin common stock would be repurchased by Towers Perrin from shareholders who cease to be employees of Towers Perrin pursuant to Article VI of the Towers Perrin bylaws) and the closing market price per share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock, each as of June 26, 2009 (the last business day prior to the date of public announcement of the merger) and October 30, 2009 (the latest day practicable prior to the date of this document). Although redemption value per share should not be considered indicative of what the market value of Towers Perrin common stock would be if a trading market existed, comparative information based on redemption value per share may be useful to investors because it represents the amount a Towers Perrin shareholder would receive if his or her employment with Towers Perrin ceased in 2009 before the effective time.
You are urged to obtain current market quotations for shares of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock before making your decision with respect to the approval and adoption of the merger agreement. Watson Wyatts Class A common stock is traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ under the symbol WW. The market price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock could change significantly before the effective time and such price along with the redemption value per share of Towers Perrin common stock, will not be indicative of the value of shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock once they start trading. Because the exchange ratios will be calculated as the ratio that will result in Towers Perrin security holders, on the one hand, and Watson Wyatt security holders, on the other hand, each receiving, in the aggregate, 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock then outstanding immediately following the merger, the value of the shares of Towers Watson common stock that you will receive at the effective time may vary significantly from the market value of the shares of Towers Watson common stock that you would have received if the merger were consummated on the date of the merger agreement or on the date of this document.
The following table presents the implied equivalent value of each share of Towers Perrin common stock as of the dates shown below, based on the number of shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock that would be received for each share of Towers Perrin common stock if the merger had closed on such dates. In addition, this table presents the implied value of each share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock as of the dates shown below, based on the implied value of Towers Watson Class A common stock and the one-for-one Watson Wyatt exchange ratio, as if the merger had closed on such dates.
For purposes of calculating the implied equivalent values below, the following assumptions were made:
| | The number of fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares equals 42,693,993 shares as of June 26, 2009 and 42,600,632 as of October 30, 2009; |
| | The total outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock for purposes of calculating the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio is 70,319.76 shares as of June 26, 2009 and 70,209.60 shares as of October 30, 2009, which does not include any Towers Perrin RSUs or any shares issuable upon conversion of any Towers Perrin RSUs (as explained more fully in the The Merger Agreement Conversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards); and |
| | Based on the foregoing assumptions, the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio equals 546.426690023 for June 26, 2009 and 546.087270117 for October 30, 2009 (which was calculated, in each case, by dividing the fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares by the quotient of (a) the total outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock as of the relevant date, divided by (b) 0.9). |
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| Towers Perrin redemption value per share |
Market Value of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock |
Implied Equivalent Value of Towers Perrin common stock |
Implied Equivalent Value of Watson Wyatt common stock |
|||||||||||
| June 26, 2009 |
$ | 3,642.00 | $ | 41.18 | $ | 22,482.58 | (1) | $ | 41.18 | (2) | ||||
| October 30, 2009 |
$ | 3,642.00 | $ | 43.58 | $ | 24,453.79 | (3) | $ | 43.58 | (4) | ||||
| (1) | Represents the product of the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio 546.426690023 multiplied by the applicable final Watson Wyatt stock price ($40.37), each as of June 26, 2009. |
| (2) | Represents the product of the Watson Wyatt final exchange ratio (1 share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock) multiplied by the applicable closing market price per share ($41.18), each as of June 26, 2009. |
| (3) | Represents the product of the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio 546.087270117 multiplied by the applicable final Watson Wyatt stock price ($44.78), each as of October 30, 2009. |
| (4) | Represents the product of the Watson Wyatt final exchange ratio (1 share of Towers Watson Class A common stock for each share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock) multiplied by the applicable closing market price per share ($43.58), each as of October 30, 2009. |
Towers Watson Class R Common Stock
The following table presents (1) the implied equivalent value of each share of Towers Perrin common stock as of the dates shown below based on the number of shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock and Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock that would be received (based on the assumptions below) for each share of Towers Perrin common stock held by a Class R Participant if the merger had closed on such dates and (2) the impact of a hypothetical Class R election on the total number of outstanding shares of Towers Watson common stock immediately following the mandatory redemption of all outstanding shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock on the first business day following the effective time. The diagrams below are based on assumptions regarding the number of shareholders who make valid Class R elections and the number of shares they designate to be exchanged in the merger for Towers Watson Class R common stock; actual results will vary depending on the overall number of shares of Towers Perrin common stock designated for conversion to shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock. For purposes of this table, the following assumptions were made:
| | The amounts for fully diluted Watson Wyatt shares, Towers Perrin final exchange ratio and the total outstanding shares of Towers Perrin common stock will be the same as used to calculate the implied equivalent values in the immediately preceding table. |
| | The final Watson Wyatt stock price equals $40.37 as of June 26, 2009 (the last business day prior to the date of public announcement of the merger) and $44.78 as of October 30, 2009 (the latest day practicable prior to the date of this document) (the term final Watson Wyatt stock price is defined in the The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections and means the average closing price per share of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock (rounded to the nearest cent) for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately prior to the mergers closing). |
| | Class R Eligible Participants, who collectively owned approximately 55.7% of the 70,319.76 total shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding as of June 26, 2009, make valid Class R elections as to 30% of the 70,319.76 total shares outstanding, or 21,095.928 shares. |
| | Every Class R Eligible Participant who makes a valid Class R election elects to tender 100% of his or her shares of Towers Perrin common stock. |
| | The total amount of cash and Towers Watson Notes available to repurchase all shares from the Class R Eligible Participants equals $400,000,000 (which amount may be decreased if the Class R election is undersubscribed). |
| | The number of Towers Perrin RSUs outstanding immediately prior to the effective time is equal to 10% of the sum of such number of Towers Perrin RSUs plus the total shares of Towers Perrin common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time. |
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| Aggregate Issuance of Shares Pursuant to Class R Election |
Impact of Redemption of Class R Shares |
||||||||||||||||||
| Towers Perrin redemption value per share |
Market Value of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock |
Total shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock to be issued |
Total shares of Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock to be issued as a result of proration |
Implied Equivalent Value of Towers Perrin common stock |
Overall reduction in shares of Towers Watson common stock |
Adjusted ownership of Towers Watson common stock by former Towers Perrin security holders |
|||||||||||||
| June 26, 2009 |
$ | 3,642.00 | $ | 41.18 | 9,908,347.78 | 1,619,030.33 | $ | 22,059.25 | (1) | 11.60% | 43.44 | % | |||||||
| October 30, 2009 |
$ | 3,642.00 | $ | 43.58 | 8,932,559.18 | 2,569,611.46 | $ | 24,453.79 | (2) | 10.49% | 44.17 | % | |||||||
| (1) | Represents the aggregate value received by a Class R Participant, which consists of cash, Towers Watson Notes and Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock (which aggregate value is calculated by the product of the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio 546.426690023 multiplied by the applicable final Watson Wyatt stock price ($40.37), each as of June 26, 2009). The aggregate value shown does not include any interest payable on the Towers Watson Notes. |
| (2) | Represents the aggregate value received by a Class R Participant, which consists of cash, Towers Watson Notes and Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock (which aggregate value is calculated by the product of the applicable Towers Perrin final exchange ratio 546.087270117 multiplied by the applicable final Watson Wyatt stock price ($44.78), each as of October 30, 2009). The aggregate value shown does not include any interest payable on the Towers Watson Notes. |
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In addition to reading and considering the other information we have included or incorporated by reference in this document, you should carefully read and consider the following factors in evaluating the merger.
Because the merger consideration exchange ratios are fixed, the market value of the Towers Watson common stock issued to you may be less than the value of your current Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt securities.
Towers Perrin security holders who receive shares in the merger will receive a fixed number of shares of Towers Watson common stock to be calculated at the mergers closing based on the number of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt shares outstanding on a fully diluted basis, rather than a number of shares with a particular fixed market value (other than Guaranteed RSU Holders as defined and discussed in The Merger Agreement Conversion of Stock, Stock Options and Other Awards). Similarly, Watson Wyatt stockholders will receive a fixed number of shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock (on a one-for-one basis) in the merger. Because the merger consideration exchange ratios will not be adjusted to reflect any changes in the relative values of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, the values of Towers Watson common stock issued in the merger as compared to the Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt securities held before the merger may be higher or lower than the values of these securities on earlier dates. The market price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock at the effective time may vary significantly from its price on the date the merger agreement was executed, the date of this document or the date of the Watson Wyatt special meeting. If the merger is consummated after December 31, 2009, the redemption value per share of Towers Perrin common stock at the effective time may also vary significantly from the redemption value per share on the date the merger agreement was executed, the date of this document and the date of the Towers Perrin special meeting. You are urged to obtain up-to-date prices for Watson Wyatt Class A common stock. See Selected Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information for ranges of historic prices of Towers Perrin common stock and Watson Wyatt Class A common stock.
Changes in stock price may result from a variety of factors, many of which are beyond the control of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, including changes in their businesses, operations and prospects, regulatory considerations, governmental actions and legal proceedings. Market assessments of the benefits of the merger and of the likelihood that the merger will be completed, as well as general and industry-specific market and economic conditions, may also affect prices of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock. Neither Towers Perrin nor Watson Wyatt is permitted to terminate the merger agreement solely because of changes in the market price of Watson Wyatts Class A common stock.
Your special meeting will be held before the merger is completed, and the shares of Towers Watson Class A common stock will not trade publicly until after completion of the merger. As a result, at the time of your special meeting, you will not know the market value of Towers Watson common stock that you will receive upon completion of the merger.
The exact consideration to be received in the merger by the Class R Participants will not be known when Towers Perrin shareholders vote on the merger agreement or Class R Participants make their Class R election.
The Class R election available to Class R Eligible Participants is subject to proration as described in The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections. The maximum number of shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock that may be issued in the merger and the exact consideration that the Class R Participants will receive will not be available at the time Towers Perrin shareholders vote on the merger agreement or when Class R Participants make their Class R election. In addition, the consideration that any particular Class R Participant will receive if he or she makes a Class R election will also not be known at the time
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that he or she makes the Class R election because the consideration will depend on the total number of shares of Towers Perrin common stock that Class R Participants elect to convert into shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock. If the Class R election is oversubscribed, Class R Participants will receive fewer shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock, and more shares of Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock, in exchange for their shares of Towers Perrin common stock than such Class R Participants elected to receive, which could result in, among other things, tax consequences that differ from those that would have resulted if the Class R election was not oversubscribed. See Material Income Tax Considerations for a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to Class R Participants. As noted elsewhere in this document, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt believe the Class R election may be oversubscribed because the consideration received by a Class R Participant will be more liquid than the consideration received by a Class R Eligible Participant who decides not to or fails to make a valid Class R election. If the Class R election is oversubscribed, then a Class R Participant would receive less cash and Towers Watson Notes (the more liquid consideration) and more Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock (which automatically converts into freely tradable Towers Watson Class A common stock in one year) than originally elected.
The exact number of shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be issued in the merger with respect to Towers Perrin RSUs will not be known until immediately prior to the effective time.
The number of shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be issued with respect to Towers Perrin RSUs (other than Towers Perrin RSUs issued to the Guaranteed RSU Holders) will be increased or decreased, and the merger consideration to be received by each holder of Towers Perrin RSUs (other than the Guaranteed RSU Holders) will be adjusted, pro rata based on the number of Towers Perrin RSUs that he or she holds as necessary to ensure that the aggregate number of shares of Towers Perrin RSUs (including the shares received by Guaranteed RSU Holders) equals 10% of the aggregate number of shares of Towers Watson common stock to be issued to Towers Perrin security holders in the merger.
In order to determine what number of shares equal 10% of the aggregate number of shares of Towers Watson common stock to be issued to Towers Perrin security holders in the merger, we must calculate the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio to determine the number of shares of Towers Watson Class B common stock to be received by holders of shares of Towers Perrin common stock. This calculation is not done until immediately prior to the effective time. As a result, until such time, it is not possible to calculate the aggregate number of shares of Towers Watson restricted Class A common stock to be issued to holders of Towers Perrin RSUs that equals 10% the aggregate number of shares of Towers Watson common stock to be issued to Towers Perrin security holders in the merger.
Obtaining required approvals may delay or prevent completion of the merger or reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger.
Completion of the merger is conditioned upon, among other things, the receipt of material governmental authorizations, consents, orders and approvals, including approvals under competition laws within the European Union. In connection with granting these approvals, governmental authorities may impose conditions on, or require divestitures or other changes relating to, the divisions, operations or assets of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt. Such conditions, divestitures or other changes may jeopardize or delay completion of the merger or may reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger. See The Merger Agreement Conditions to the Merger for a discussion of the conditions to the completion of the merger and Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Regulatory Requirements for a description of the regulatory approvals necessary in connection with the merger.
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If we are not able to successfully integrate the operations of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, the combined company may fail to realize the anticipated growth opportunities, cost savings and other anticipated benefits of the merger.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt operate as separate and independent companies, and will continue to do so until the completion of the merger. Following the effective time, Towers Watson management may face significant challenges in integrating the two companies technologies, organizations, procedures, policies and operations, as well as in addressing any differences in the business cultures of the two companies, and retaining key Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt personnel. The integration process may be complex and time consuming and require substantial resources and effort. These efforts could divert managements focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from business operations during the integration process. Difficulties may occur during the integration process, including:
| | Loss of key officers and employees; |
| | Loss of key clients; |
| | Loss of revenues; and |
| | Increases in operating, tax or other costs. |
The success of the merger will depend in part on our ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and cost savings from integrating the businesses of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, while minimizing or eliminating any difficulties that may occur. Even if the integration of the businesses of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt is successful, it may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the growth opportunities and cost savings that we currently expect or these benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame. Any failure to timely realize these anticipated benefits could have a material adverse effect on the revenues, expenses and operating results of Towers Watson.
In addition, Towers Watson must also integrate Watson Wyatts and Towers Perrins financial reporting systems, including their respective internal control over financial reporting. This process may pose challenges because Towers Perrin has not previously been subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder by the SEC. If Towers Watson cannot successfully integrate the two companies internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of Towers Watsons financial statements may be impaired and Towers Watson may not be able to meet its reporting obligations under applicable law. Any such impairment or failure could cause investor confidence and, in turn, the market price of the Towers Watson Class A common stock, to be materially adversely affected.
The estimates of operational cost savings resulting from the merger and costs required to achieve such savings are inherently uncertain and may not be accurate.
We anticipate that the merger will ultimately result in approximately $80 million in pretax annual operational costs savings, primarily as a result of reductions in management headcount and general and administrative expenses. While we expect to realize significant savings during the first two years following completion of the merger, we anticipate that full realization of these pretax annual operational cost savings will take three years to achieve. This figure does not include other potential cost savings, including, in general, annual savings of approximately $41 million in compensation, benefits and other direct costs expected to result from retirement of Class R Eligible Participants at the effective time. We also expect to incur approximately $80 million in one-time severance and IT integration costs in order to realize $80 million in annual operational costs savings. These operational cost savings estimates are based on a number of assumptions, including that Towers Watson will be able to implement cost saving programs such as personnel reductions and consolidation of operations, technologies, and administrative functions. In addition, our estimated expenses required to achieve operational costs savings do not include certain other costs we expect Towers Watson to incur, including those relating to rebranding, lease termination costs and facilities consolidation, among others. We may not be able to achieve the operational cost savings that we anticipate in the expected timeframe, based on the expected costs or at all. Failure to successfully implement cost savings programs on a timely basis, or the need to spend more than anticipated to implement such programs, will result in lower than expected cost savings in connection with the merger and could have a material adverse effect on the operating results of Towers Watson.
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The merger may cause dilution to Towers Watsons earnings per share as compared with Watson Wyatts earnings per share, which may negatively affect the market price of Towers Watsons Class A common stock.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt currently anticipate that the merger will be accretive to Towers Watsons diluted earnings per share within three years following the effective time, when compared with Watson Wyatts earnings per share. This expectation is based on preliminary estimates which may materially change. In particular, due to legal restrictions, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have not been able to share certain competitively sensitive information regarding the integration of the two companies. Towers Watson, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt could encounter additional transaction and integration-related costs or other factors such as the failure to realize all of the benefits anticipated in the merger. All of these factors could cause dilution to Towers Watsons earnings per share compared with Watson Wyatts earnings per share, or decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the merger and cause a decrease in the price of Towers Watsons Class A common stock.
Failure to complete the merger could negatively impact Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt and their future operations.
If the merger is not completed for any reason, Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt may be subjected to a number of material risks. The price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock may decline to the extent that the current market price of Watson Wyatt Class A common stock reflects a market assumption that the merger will be completed. If the board of directors of Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt determines to seek another business combination or the merger is not completed for any other reason, the parties may risk losing key clients and employees. In addition, some costs related to the merger, such as legal, accounting, filing, printing and mailing, must be paid by Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt whether or not the merger is completed.
A portion of the merger consideration received by Towers Perrin shareholders who make a valid Class R election will be treated as ordinary compensation income.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have determined that a portion of the merger consideration received by a Class R Participant who makes a valid Class R election should be treated as ordinary compensation income to that Class R Participant and such portion will be taxable to such holder at ordinary income rates and will be subject to applicable withholding taxes. The amount treated as ordinary compensation income will be determined based on the difference in value between the merger consideration that will be received by a Class R Participant who makes a valid Class R election (i.e., cash, notes and Towers Watson Class B-1 common stock) and the merger consideration that will be received by a Towers Perrin shareholder who does not or is not eligible to make a valid Class R election. The Internal Revenue Service (which we refer to as the IRS) may disagree with the determination of the portion treated as ordinary compensation income, in which case a Class R Participant may be subject to increased tax.
For other reasons, a portion of the merger consideration received by certain Towers Perrin shareholders (not limited to Towers Perrin shareholders who make a Class R election) may be treated as ordinary compensation income.
The Towers Perrin bylaws include a requirement that Towers Perrin purchase a Towers Perrin shareholders shares following the individuals termination of employment. Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP (or Milbank), counsel to Towers Perrin, will provide its opinion dated as of the closing date that the elimination of the requirement that Towers Perrin common stock be repurchased by Towers Perrin is not a compensatory cancellation of a nonlapse restriction. Such opinion is not binding on the IRS and, accordingly, the IRS could take a contrary position. In addition, compensation income could arise if some or all of a U.S. Holders (as defined in Material Income Tax Considerations) Towers Perrin shares were treated as not substantially vested within the meaning of Code Section 83 prior to the merger and such holder did not make a timely Section 83(b) election with respect to such shares. In general, shares would not be treated as substantially vested for this purpose if the shares were subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. The determination of
31
whether any U.S. Holders Towers Perrin shares are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture as a result of the restrictions contained in the Towers Perrin bylaws or otherwise is based on all the facts and circumstances applicable to such holder at the time that such shares were acquired.
If some or all of a U.S. Holders Towers Perrin shares were not treated as substantially vested prior to the merger and the U.S. Holder did not make a timely Section 83(b) election with respect to those shares, the U.S. Holder would recognize compensation income with respect to such shares at the time of the Towers Perrin merger. The amount of the compensation income recognized could be substantial for individual holders. Any compensation income would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at ordinary income tax rates in the year that the merger closes. Towers Perrin intends to take the position that none of the consideration received in the Towers Perrin merger constitutes ordinary compensation income (except with respect to a portion of the merger consideration received by a Class R Participant). See Material Income Tax Considerations Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Towers Perrin Shares Potential Alternative Tax Characterization for Towers Perrin Shares Issued in Connection with the Performance of Services for additional information.
Directors, executive officers and stockholders of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt may have potential conflicts of interest in connection with the merger.
Some of the directors and executive officers of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have interests in the merger that are different from, or are in addition to, the interests of their respective companys stockholders generally. These interests may create potential conflicts of interest. These interests include positions as directors or executive officers of Towers Watson, potential benefits under employment or benefit arrangements that may be available as a result of the merger, payment or accelerated vesting of or distribution of rights or benefits under certain of their respective compensation and benefit plans or arrangements as a result of the merger, potential severance and other benefit payments in the event of termination of employment in connection with the merger, and the right to continued indemnification and insurance coverage by Towers Watson for acts or omissions occurring prior to the merger. See Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Interests of Towers Perrins Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Shareholders in the Merger and Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Interests of Watson Wyatts Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Stockholders in the Merger.
In recommending that their respective companys stockholders approve and adopt the merger agreement, the boards of directors of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt were aware of these interests and considered them in approving the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
The unaudited pro forma financial data included in this document are illustrative and the actual financial position and results of operations of Towers Watson after the merger may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial data included in this document.
The unaudited pro forma financial data included in this document are presented solely for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily indicative of what Towers Watsons actual financial position or results of operations would have been had the merger been completed on the dates indicated. The pro forma financial data reflect adjustments that were developed using preliminary estimates based on currently available information and certain assumptions, and may be revised as additional information becomes available. Accordingly, the final acquisition accounting adjustments may differ materially from the pro forma adjustments reflected in this document. In addition, the pro forma financial data have not been adjusted to give effect to certain expected financial benefits of the merger, such as operational cost savings or the anticipated costs to achieve these benefits, including, among others, charges against earnings or increases in tax expense resulting from integration or restructuring activities after the merger closes, the final application of purchase accounting and annual savings of approximately $41 million in compensation, benefits and other direct costs expected to result from the retirement of Class R Eligible Participants at the effective time. Neither the pro forma financial data, nor any interim period financial data included in this document upon which the pro forma financial data are based, have been audited.
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There will be material differences between the current rights of Towers Perrin security holders and Watson Wyatt security holders and the rights they can expect to have as Towers Watson stockholders.
Towers Perrin security holders and Watson Wyatt security holders who receive Towers Watson common stock in the merger will become Towers Watson stockholders, and their rights as stockholders will be governed by Towers Watsons certificate of incorporation and bylaws. In addition, while Towers Perrin is currently a Pennsylvania corporation governed by the PBCL, Towers Watson will be a Delaware corporation governed by the DGCL. There will be material differences among the current rights of Towers Perrin security holders and Watson Wyatt stockholders and the rights they will have as Towers Watson stockholders. For a discussion of other material differences, see Comparison of the Rights of Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt and Towers Watson Stockholders.
The opinion of Towers Perrins financial advisor contains certain limitations and qualifications.
Goldman Sachs delivered its opinion to the Towers Perrin board of directors that, as of June 26, 2009 and based upon and subject to factors and assumptions set forth in its opinion, the Towers Perrin final exchange ratio of Towers Watson Class B common stock pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to the shareholders of Towers Perrin common stock. Goldman Sachs did not express any view on, and its opinion did not address, any other term or aspect of the merger agreement or the merger, including, without limitation, any Class R election or Class S election or the consideration paid in respect of the redemption of shares of Towers Watson Class R common stock or Towers Watson Class S common stock. See The Merger Agreement The Class R and Class S Elections for information regarding the Class R election and the Class S election. In addition, for purposes of rendering its opinion, Goldman Sachs did not take into account the terms and conditions of any series of Towers Watson Class B common stock to the extent they differ from the Towers Watson Class A common stock. See Description of Towers Watsons Common Stock for information regarding the terms and conditions of each of the Towers Watson Class B common stock and the Towers Watson Class A common stock. The Goldman Sachs opinion is not a recommendation as to how any Towers Perrin shareholder should vote with respect to the merger agreement, or any other matter, and should not be relied on beyond the express context in which it was provided.
Towers Perrin shareholders and Watson Wyatt stockholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the merger and will exercise less influence over management.
After the completion of the merger, all Towers Perrin shareholders and Watson Wyatt stockholders will own a smaller percentage of Towers Watson as compared to the percentage they currently own of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, respectively. At the effective time, the Towers Perrin security holders, on one hand, and the Watson Wyatt security holders, on the other hand, each will be entitled to receive, in the aggregate, 50% of Towers Watsons voting common stock then outstanding. Consequently, the Towers Perrin shareholders, as a group, and Watson Wyatt stockholders, as a group, will each have reduced ownership and voting power in the combined company as compared to their current ownership and voting power in Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, respectively.
Significant transaction costs will be incurred as a result of the merger.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt expect to incur significant one-time transaction costs, currently estimated to be approximately $29.4 million and $20.1 million, respectively, related to the merger. These transaction costs include investment banking, legal and accounting fees and expenses and filing fees, printing expenses, proxy solicitation expenses and other related charges. The companies may also incur additional unanticipated transaction costs in connection with the merger. A portion of the transaction costs related to the merger will be incurred regardless of whether the merger is completed. Additional costs will be incurred in connection with integrating the two companies businesses, such as severance and IT integration expenses, which
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we expect will total approximately $80 million, as well as other expenses, such as rebranding, facilities consolidation and lease termination costs. Costs in connection with the merger and integration may be higher than expected.
Failure to complete the merger in certain circumstances could require Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt to pay a termination fee or expenses.
If the merger agreement is terminated under certain circumstances discussed more fully in The Merger Agreement Termination Fees; Expenses, Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, as the case may be, could be obligated to pay the other party a $65 million termination fee, or reimburse the other for expenses up to a maximum amount of $10 million. Payment of the termination fee could materially adversely affect such companys results of operations or financial condition.
Towers Perrin is a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit.
On November 5, 2009, Towers Perrin, members of its board of directors, and certain members of senior management were named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The plaintiffs in the actionAlan H. Dugan, Ronald P. Giesinger, Marvin H. Greene, John G. Kneen, John T. Lynch, Bruce R. Pittenger, J. Russell Southworth, C. Roland Stichweh, Jacobus J. Van de Graaf and John C. Von Hagenare former members of the firms senior management, who voluntarily retired from Towers Perrin at various times between 1995 and 2000. Pursuant to the corporations bylaws as then in effect, the Towers Perrin shares held by each of these plaintiffs were redeemed by Towers Perrin at book value upon their retirement. The plaintiffs purport to sue on behalf of themselves and a class of former Towers Perrin shareholders who separated from service on or after January 1, 1971, whose shares were redeemed upon retirement, and who otherwise meet certain specified criteria. The complaint alleges that by agreeing to sell their shares back to Towers Perrin at book value upon retirement, the plaintiffs and other members of the putative class relied upon a commitment that Towers Perrin would remain privately owned in perpetuity, which commitment, they allege, will be violated by the consummation of the merger. The complaint, which does not contain a quantification of the damages sought, asserts claims for breach of contract, breach of express trust, breach of fiduciary duty, promissory estoppel, quasi-contract/unjust enrichment, and constructive trust, and seeks equitable relief including an accounting, disgorgement, rescission and/or restitution, and the imposition of a constructive trust.
Towers Perrin believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend the action. Towers Perrin and/or Towers Watson could incur significant costs defending against this claim. The outcome of this legal proceeding is inherently uncertain and could be unfavorable to Towers Perrin and/or Towers Watson.
Risks Relating to Towers Watsons Business
The loss of key employees could damage or result in the loss of client relationships and could result in such employees competing against Towers Watson.
Towers Watsons success will depend on its ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel generally, including key management personnel and employees. In addition, Towers Watsons success will largely depend upon the business generation capabilities of, and quality of services provided by, its employees. In particular, Towers Watsons employees personal relationships with its clients will be a critical element of obtaining and maintaining client engagements. Losing employees who manage substantial client relationships or possess substantial experience or expertise could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons ability to secure and complete engagements, which would materially adversely affect Towers Watsons results of operations and prospects. In addition, if any of Towers Watsons key employees were to join an existing competitor or form a competing company, existing and potential clients could choose to use the services of that competitor instead of Towers Watsons services.
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There can be no assurance that confidentiality and non-solicitation/non-competition agreements signed by senior employees who were former Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt employees before the merger, or agreements signed by Towers Watson employees in the future, will be effective in preventing a loss of business.
Towers Perrin shareholders are subject to covenants contained in Section 6.18 of Towers Perrins bylaws regarding the solicitation of Towers Perrin clients. Currently, if a Towers Perrin shareholder does not comply with these restrictions after his or her employment terminates, Towers Perrin has the right to withhold payment of a portion of the redemption price owed to the shareholder for his or her Towers Perrin shares. After the merger, Towers Perrin will no longer have this right as Towers Perrin employees who become Towers Watson stockholders will not be required to sell their Towers Watson shares to Towers Watson if they cease to be employed by Towers Perrin. Without the deterrent effect of the risk of forfeiting their right to such cash payments, Towers Perrin shareholder employees may be more likely to breach these non-competition and non-solicitation covenants following the merger. If any key employees breach these non-competition and non-solicitation covenants and join an existing competitor or form a competing company, existing and potential clients could choose to use the services of a competitor instead of Towers Watsons services. Although we believe the non-competition and non-solicitation covenants will continue to impose restrictions on the former Towers Perrin shareholders after the effective time, there is a risk, as is currently the case, that the Towers Perrin bylaw provisions, as well as Watson Wyatts non-compete agreements, could be held unenforceable in particular situations and jurisdictions. If such provisions were held to be unenforceable and former Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt employees were permitted to compete with Towers Watson, such events could have a material adverse effect on Towers Watsons business.
As a condition to making a valid Class R election, a Class R Participant must agree to terminate his or her employment with Towers Perrin on or before the 30th day following the effective time (unless another time is agreed to by the Towers Watson Executive Committee) and enter into a confidentiality and non-solicitation agreement that prevents such shareholder from soliciting employees or clients of Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt or Towers Watson for two years following termination of employment. Clients who worked with these Class R Participants may choose to use the services of a competitor instead of Towers Watsons services. In addition, if any of the Class R Participants were to join an existing competitor or form a competing company, existing and potential clients could choose to use the services of that competitor instead of Towers Watsons services.
Changes in Towers Watsons compensation structure relative to each of Towers Perrins and Watson Wyatts current compensation structures could impair Towers Watsons ability to retain certain current employees of each of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt.
In order to meet Towers Watsons operating margin goals and increase its level of retained earnings, following the merger, Towers Watson may change Towers Perrins and Watson Wyatts respective compensation structures. In particular, Towers Perrin, as a private company, has not retained a significant amount of annual earnings, resulting in significant flexibility to vary its levels of cash compensation. We expect Towers Watsons compensation practices after the effective time to be different than Towers Perrins current practices, because a larger proportion of earnings will be retained compared to Towers Perrins historical practice, which may affect, in particular, Towers Watsons ability to retain current employees of Towers Perrin accustomed to the existing compensation structure of Towers Perrin as a private company. Any changes in compensation structure could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons ability to retain current Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt employees if they do not perceive Towers Watsons total compensation program to be competitive with those of other firms.
Towers Watsons clients could terminate or reduce its services at any time, which could decrease employee utilization, adversely impacting Towers Watsons profitability and results of operation.
Towers Watsons clients generally will be able to terminate or reduce Towers Watsons engagements at any time. If a client reduces the scope of, or terminates the use of, Towers Watsons services with little or no
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notice, Towers Watsons employee utilization will decline. In such cases, Towers Watson will have to rapidly re-deploy its employees to other engagements (if possible) in order to minimize the potential negative impact on Towers Watsons financial performance. In addition, because it is expected that a sizeable portion of Towers Watsons work will be project-based rather than recurring in nature, Towers Watsons employees utilization will depend on Towers Watsons ability to continually secure additional engagements.
Current clients of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt may terminate the services of Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt, which could adversely impact Towers Watsons profitability and results of operation.
Current clients of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, who are expected to become clients of Towers Watson, may terminate the services of Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt prior to the effective time for various reasons, including as a result of the announcement of the merger or because of perceived conflicts resulting from the combination of the two companies. If a sufficient number of clients reduce the scope of, or terminate the use of, Towers Perrins or Watson Wyatts services prior to the effective time, these terminations could adversely impact Towers Watsons profitability and results of operation.
Improper management of Towers Watsons engagements could hurt Towers Watsons financial results.
If Towers Watson does not properly negotiate the price and manage the performance of its engagements, Towers Watson might incur losses on individual engagements and experience lower profit margins and, as a result, Towers Watsons overall financial results could be materially adversely affected.
The trend of employers shifting from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons business and its operating results.
Towers Watson will provide clients with actuarial and consulting services relating to both defined benefit and defined contribution plans. Defined benefit pension plans generally require more actuarial services than defined contribution plans because defined benefit plans typically involve large asset pools, complex calculations to determine employer costs, funding requirements and sophisticated analysis to match liabilities and assets over long periods of time. If organizations shift to defined contribution plans more rapidly than we anticipate, Towers Watsons business operations and related operating results will be materially adversely affected.
Towers Watsons business will be negatively affected if it is not able to anticipate and keep pace with rapid changes in government regulations or if government regulations decrease the need for Towers Watsons services.
A material portion of Towers Watsons revenue will be affected by statutory changes. Many areas in which Towers Watson will provide services are the subject of government regulation which is constantly evolving. Changes in government and accounting regulations in the United States and the United Kingdom, two of Towers Watsons principal geographic markets, affecting the value, use or delivery of benefits and human capital programs, including changes in regulations relating to health care (such as medical plans), defined contribution plans (such as 401(k) plans), defined benefit plans (such as pension plans) or executive compensation, may materially adversely affect the demand for Towers Watsons services. Changes to insurance regulatory schemes, or Towers Watsons failure to keep pace with such changes, could negatively affect demand for services in Towers Watsons Risk and Financial Services business group. For example, Towers Watsons continuing ability to provide reinsurance intermediary services depends on compliance with the rules and regulations in each of these jurisdictions. Any failure to comply with these regulations could lead to disciplinary action, including compensating clients for loss, the imposition of fines or the revocation of the authorization to operate as well as damage to Towers Watsons reputation.
In addition, Towers Watson will have significant operations throughout the world, which will further subject it to applicable laws and regulations of countries outside the United States and the United Kingdom.
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Changes in legislation or regulations and actions by regulators in particular countries, including changes in administration and enforcement policies, could require operational improvements or modifications, which may result in higher costs or hinder Towers Watsons ability to operate its business in those countries.
If Towers Watson is unable to adapt its services to applicable laws and regulations, its ability to provide effective services in these areas will be substantially diminished.
Towers Watsons business could be negatively affected by currently proposed or future legislative or regulatory activity concerning compensation consultants.
Recent legislative and regulatory activity in the United States has focused on the independence of compensation consultants retained to provide advice to compensation committees of publicly-traded companies. For example, on July 31, 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 3269, the Corporate and Financial Institution Compensation Fairness Act of 2009, which requires any compensation consultant or other similar advisor to the compensation committee of a listed company to meet standards for independence to be established by SEC regulation. Companies that violate this requirement would be prohibited from listing any class of equity security with the national securities exchanges and associations. In addition, the SEC recently proposed rules that, if adopted, would result in a number of changes to required proxy disclosures, including enhanced disclosure relating to compensation consultants and potential conflicts of interest. The SEC proposed rules that require disclosure of fees paid to compensation consultants as well as a description of any additional services provided to the issuer by the compensation consultant or its affiliates and the aggregate fees paid for such additional services. Due in part to these legislative and regulatory changes, some clients of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have decided to terminate their relationships with the respective company (either with respect to compensation consulting services or with respect to other consulting services) to avoid perceived or potential conflicts of interest. Additional clients of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt may decide to terminate their relationship with the respective company and, as a result, Towers Watsons business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Such legislative and regulatory activities may also result in certain Towers Watson consultants terminating their employment and competing with Towers Watson for the business of clients that have or may terminate their executive compensation consulting relationships with Towers Perrin and/or Watson Wyatt, or may terminate their relationships with Towers Watson. Any such talent migration could have a material adverse effect on Towers Watsons business.
Competition from firms with greater resources could result in loss of Towers Watsons market share and reduced profitability.
The markets for Towers Watsons principal services are highly competitive. Towers Watsons competitors will include other human capital and risk management consulting and actuarial firms, as well as the human capital and risk management divisions of diversified professional services, insurance, brokerage and accounting firms. Some of Towers Watsons competitors have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than Towers Watson will have, which could enhance their ability to finance acquisitions, fund internal growth and respond more quickly to professional and technological changes. Some competitors may have or may develop a lower cost structure. New competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge, creating additional competition and gaining significant market share. In order to respond to increased competition and pricing pressure, Towers Watson might have to lower its prices, which would have an adverse effect on Towers Watsons revenues and profit margin.
Consolidation in the industries that Towers Watson is expected to serve could materially adversely affect its business.
Companies in the industries that Towers Watson is expected to serve may seek to achieve economies of scale and other synergies by combining with or acquiring other companies. If two or more of Towers Watsons clients merge or consolidate and combine their operations, Towers Watson may experience a decrease in the
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amount of services it performs for these clients. If one of Towers Watsons clients merges or consolidates with a company that relies on another provider for its services, Towers Watson may lose work from that client or lose the opportunity to gain additional work. The increased market power of larger companies could also increase pricing and competitive pressures on Towers Watson. Any of these possible results of industry consolidation could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons revenues and profits. Towers Watsons reinsurance intermediary business is especially susceptible to this risk given the limited number of insurance companies seeking reinsurance and reinsurance providers in the marketplace.
Towers Watson will be subject to risks of doing business internationally.
A sizeable portion of Towers Watsons business will be located outside of the United States. As a result, a significant portion of Towers Watsons business operations will be subject to foreign financial, tax and business risks, which could arise in the event of:
| | Currency exchange rate fluctuations; |
| | Unexpected increases in taxes or changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws; |
| | Compliance with a variety of international laws, such as data privacy, employment, trade barriers and restrictions on the import and export of technologies, as well as U.S. laws affecting the activities of U.S. companies abroad, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control; |
| | Absence in some jurisdictions of effective laws to protect Towers Watsons intellectual property rights; |
| | New regulatory requirements or changes in policies and local laws that materially affect the demand for Towers Watsons services or directly affect Towers Watsons foreign operations; |
| | Local economic and political conditions, including unusual, severe, or protracted recessions in foreign economies; |
| | The length of payment cycles and potential difficulties in collecting accounts receivable, particularly in light of the increasing number of insolvencies in the current economic environment and the numerous bankruptcy laws to which they are subject; |
| | Unusual and unexpected monetary exchange controls; or |
| | Civil disturbance or other catastrophic events that reduce business activity in other parts of the world. |
These factors may lead to decreased sales or profits and therefore may have a material adverse effect on Towers Watsons business, financial condition and operating results.
Towers Watsons inability to successfully recover should it experience a disaster or other business continuity problem could cause material financial loss, loss of human capital, regulatory actions, reputational harm or legal liability.
Should Towers Watson experience a disaster or other business continuity problem, such as an earthquake, hurricane, terrorist attack, pandemic, security breach, power loss, telecommunications failure or other natural or man-made disaster, Towers Watsons continued success will depend, in part, on the availability of its personnel, its office facilities, and the proper functioning of its computer, telecommunication and other related systems and operations. In such an event, Towers Watsons operational size and the multiple locations from which it will operate could provide Towers Watson with an important advantage. Nevertheless, Towers Watson could still experience near term operational challenges with regard to particular areas of its operations.
Towers Watsons ability to recover from any disaster or other business continuity problem will depend on its ability to protect its technology infrastructure against damage from business continuity events that could have a significant disruptive effect on Towers Watsons operations. Towers Watson could potentially lose client data or experience material adverse interruptions to its operations or delivery of services to its clients in a disaster.
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Towers Watson will regularly assess and take steps to improve upon its business continuity plans and key management succession. However, a disaster on a significant scale or affecting certain of Towers Watsons key operating areas within or across regions, or its inability to successfully recover should Towers Watson experience a disaster or other business continuity problem, could materially interrupt Towers Watsons business operations and cause material financial loss, loss of human capital, regulatory actions, reputational harm, damaged client relationships or legal liability.
Demand for Towers Watsons services could decrease for various reasons, including a continued general economic downturn, a decline in a clients or an industrys financial condition or prospects, or a decline in defined benefit pension plans that could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons operating results.
Towers Watson can give no assurance that the demand for its services will grow or that Towers Watson will compete successfully with its existing competitors, new competitors or its clients internal capabilities. Towers Watsons clients demand for its services may change based on their own needs and financial conditions.
Towers Watsons results of operations will be affected directly by the level of business activity of Towers Watsons clients, which in turn will be affected by the level of economic activity in the industries and markets that they serve. Economic slowdowns in some markets, particularly in the United States, have caused and may continue to cause reduction in discretionary spending by Towers Watsons clients, result in longer client payment terms, an increase in late payments by clients and an increase in uncollectible accounts receivable, each of which may reduce the demand for Towers Watsons services, increase price competition and adversely impact Towers Watsons growth and profit margins. If Towers Watsons clients enter bankruptcy or liquidate their operations (which has already happened with some of the current clients of Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt), Towers Watsons revenues could be materially adversely affected.
The current economic conditions have adversely impacted Towers Perrins and Watson Wyatts results of operations, cash flow and financial position, which are lower than previously anticipated. For example, on August 13, 2009, Watson Wyatt announced that its revenues for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 were $396.5 million, a decrease of 13% (a decrease of 4% constant currency) compared to revenues of $435.8 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008. Similarly, Towers Perrins revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2009 were $758.7 million, a decrease of 15.0% (a decrease of 7.5% constant currency) compared to revenues of $892.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008; based on current estimates, Towers Perrin believes this trend will continue, on a constant currency basis, at least through the end of calendar year 2009. There can be no assurance that continuing weakening economic conditions throughout the world will not adversely impact Towers Watsons results of operations, cash flow, financial position or prospects.
In addition, the demand for many of Towers Watsons core benefit services, including compliance-related services will be affected by government regulation and taxation of employee benefit plans. Significant changes in tax or social welfare policy or regulations could lead some employers to discontinue their employee benefit plans, including defined benefit pension plans, thereby reducing the demand for Towers Watsons services. A simplification of regulations or tax policy also could reduce the need for Towers Watsons services.
Demand for Towers Watsons services could also be negatively impacted by harm to its reputation, which could occur for a variety of reasons, many of which will be outside Towers Watsons control.
Towers Watsons quarterly revenues could fluctuate while Towers Watsons expenses are expected to be relatively fixed.
Quarterly variations in Towers Watsons revenues and operating results could occur as a result of a number of factors, such as:
| | The significance of client engagements commenced and completed during a quarter; |
| | The seasonality of certain types of services. For example, Watson Wyatts retirement revenues typically are more heavily weighted toward the first and fourth quarters of the calendar year, when |
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| annual actuarial valuations are required to be completed for calendar year end companies and the related services are performed; |
| | The number of business days in a quarter, employee hiring and utilization rates and clients ability to terminate engagements without penalty; |
| | The size and scope of assignments; and |
| | General economic conditions. |
A sizeable portion of Towers Watsons total operating expenses are expected to be relatively fixed, encompassing the majority of administrative, occupancy, communications and other expenses, depreciation and amortization, and salaries and employee benefits excluding fiscal year end incentive bonuses. Therefore, a variation in the number of client assignments or in the timing of the initiation or the completion of client assignments can cause significant variations in quarterly operating results and could result in losses.
Reinsurance intermediary revenue is influenced by factors that will be beyond Towers Watsons control, and volatility or declines in premiums or other trends in the insurance and reinsurance markets could significantly undermine the profitability of Towers Watsons reinsurance intermediary business.
Towers Watson is expected to derive approximately 5% of its consolidated revenue from its reinsurance intermediary business, which in turn will derive a majority of its revenue from commissions. Revenue earned in Towers Watsons capacity as a reinsurance intermediary will be based in large part on the rates that the global reinsurance marketplace prices for risks. For example, Towers Watson will not determine reinsurance premiums on which commissions are generally based.
Premiums are cyclical in nature and may vary widely based on market conditions. When premium rates decline, the commission and fees earned for placing certain reinsurance contracts and programs also tend to decrease. When premium rates rise, Towers Watson may not be able to earn increased revenue from providing intermediary services because clients may purchase less reinsurance, there may be less reinsurance capacity available, or clients may negotiate a reduction to the compensation rate or a reduced fee for Towers Watsons services.
To the extent Towers Watsons clients are or become materially adversely affected by declining business conditions in the current economic environment, they may choose to limit their purchases of insurance and reinsurance coverage, as applicable, which would inhibit Towers Watsons ability to generate commission revenue, and may decide not to utilize Towers Watsons risk management services, which would inhibit Towers Watsons ability to generate fee revenue.
Towers Watson will advise or act on behalf of clients regarding investments whose results are not guaranteed.
Towers Watson will provide advice on both asset allocation and selection of investment managers. For some clients, Towers Watson will be responsible for making decisions on both these matters. Asset classes may experience poor absolute performance, and investment managers may underperform their benchmarks; in both cases the investment return shortfall can be significant. Clients experiencing this underperformance may assert claims against Towers Watson and claims may be for significant amounts. Defending against these claims can involve potentially significant costs, including legal defense costs. Towers Watsons ability to limit its potential liability may be limited in certain jurisdictions or in connection with claims involving breaches of fiduciary duties or other alleged errors or omissions.
Towers Watson investment activities may require specialized operational competencies.
For certain clients, Towers Watson will be responsible for some portions of cash and investment management including rebalancing of investment portfolios and guidance to third parties on structure of
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derivatives and securities transactions. Failure of Towers Watson to properly execute its role can cause monetary damage to such third parties for which Towers Watson might be found liable and claims may be for significant amounts. Defending against these claims can involve potentially significant costs, including legal defense costs. Towers Watsons ability to limit its potential liability may be constrained in certain jurisdictions.
Towers Watsons growth strategy will depend, in part, on its ability to make acquisitions, and if Towers Watson has difficulty in acquiring, overpays for, or is unable to acquire other businesses, its business may be materially adversely affected.
Towers Watsons growth will depend in part on its ability to make acquisitions. Towers Watson may not be successful in identifying appropriate acquisition candidates or consummating acquisitions on terms acceptable or favorable to it, on the proposed timetables, or at all. Towers Watson also will face additional risks related to acquisitions, including that it could overpay for acquired businesses and that any acquired business could significantly underperform relative to its expectations. If Towers Watson is unable to identify and successfully make acquisitions, its business could be materially adversely affected.
Towers Watson will face risks when it acquires businesses, and may have difficulty integrating or managing acquired businesses, which may harm Towers Watsons business, financial condition, results of operations or reputation.
Towers Watson may acquire other companies in the future.
Towers Watson cannot be certain that its acquisitions will be accretive to earnings or otherwise meet its operational or strategic expectations. Acquisitions involve special risks, including the potential assumption of unanticipated liabilities and contingencies and difficulties in integrating acquired businesses, and acquired businesses may not achieve the levels of revenue, profit or productivity Towers Watson anticipates or otherwise perform as Towers Watson expects. In addition, if the operating performance of an acquired business deteriorates significantly, Towers Watson may need to write down the value of the goodwill and other acquisition-related intangible assets recorded on its balance sheet.
Towers Watson may be unable to effectively integrate an acquired business into its organization, and may not succeed in managing such acquired businesses or the larger company that results from such acquisitions. The process of integration of an acquired business may subject Towers Watson to a number of risks, including:
| | Diversion of management attention; |
| | Amortization of intangible assets, adversely affecting Towers Watsons reported results of operations; |
| | Inability to retain the management, key personnel and other employees of the acquired business; |
| | Inability to establish uniform standards, controls, systems, procedures and policies; |
| | Inability to retain the acquired companys clients; |
| | Exposure to legal claims for activities of the acquired business prior to acquisition; and |
| | Incurrence of additional expenses in connection with the integration process. |
If acquisitions are not successfully integrated, Towers Watsons business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected, as well as its professional reputation.
Damage to Towers Watsons reputation could damage its businesses.
Maintaining a positive reputation will be critical to Towers Watsons ability to attract and maintain relationships with clients and employees. Damage to Towers Watsons reputation could therefore cause significant harm to its business and prospects. Harm to Towers Watsons reputation can arise from numerous sources, including, among others, employee misconduct, litigation or regulatory action, failing to deliver minimum standards of service and quality, compliance failures and unethical behavior. Negative publicity regarding Towers Watson, whether or not true, may also result in harm to Towers Watsons prospects.
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Towers Watson could also suffer significant reputational harm if Towers Watson fails to properly identify and manage potential conflicts of interest. The failure or perceived failure to adequately address, conflicts of interest could affect the willingness of clients to deal with Towers Watson, or give rise to litigation or enforcement actions. There can be no assurance that conflicts of interest will not arise in the future that could cause material harm to Towers Watson.
Towers Watson could be subject to claims arising from its work, as well as government inquiries and investigations, which could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons reputation and business.
Professional services providers, including those in the human capital and risk management sectors such as Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, are subject to claims by their clients. Clients who may become dissatisfied with Towers Watsons services or clients and third parties who claim they suffered damages caused by Towers Watsons services may bring lawsuits against Towers Watson. The nature of Towers Watsons work, particularly its actuarial services, necessarily will involve the use of assumptions and the preparation of estimates relating to future and contingent events, the actual outcome of which Towers Watson cannot know in advance. Towers Watsons actuarial services will also rely on substantial amounts of data provided by clients, the accuracy and quality of which Towers Watson cannot ensure. In addition, Towers Watson could make computational, software programming or data management errors in connection with the services it provides to clients.
Clients may seek to hold Towers Watson responsible for the financial consequences of variances between assumptions and estimates and actual outcomes or for errors. For example, clients may make:
| | Claims that actuarial assumptions were unreasonable or that there were computational errors leading to pension plan underfunding or under-reserving for insurance claim liabilities; |
| | Claims of failure to review adequately or detect deficiencies in data, which could lead to an underestimation of pension plan or insurance claim liabilities; and |
| | Claims that employee benefit plan documents were misinterpreted or plan amendments were faulty, leading to unintended plan benefits or overpayments to beneficiaries. |
Given that Towers Watson frequently will work with large pension funds and insurance companies, relatively small percentage errors or variances can create significant financial variances and result in significant claims for unintended or unfunded liabilities. The risks from such variances or errors could be aggravated in an environment of declining pension fund asset values and insurance company capital levels. In almost all cases, Towers Watsons exposure to liability with respect to a particular engagement will be substantially greater than the revenue opportunity that the engagement will generate for Towers Watson.
In the case of liability for pension plan actuarial errors, a clients claims might focus on the clients alleged reliance that actuarial assumptions were reasonable and, based on such reliance, the client made benefit commitments the client may later claim are not affordable or funding decisions that result in plan underfunding if and when actual outcomes vary from actuarial assumptions.
Defending lawsuits arising out of any of Towers Watsons services could require substantial amounts of management attention, which could affect managements focus on operations, adversely affect Towers Watsons financial performance and result in increased insurance costs or a reduction in the amount of available insurance coverage. In addition to defense costs and liability exposure which may be significant, claims may produce negative publicity that could hurt Towers Watsons reputation and business.
Finally, Towers Watson may be subject to inquiries and investigations by federal, state or other governmental agencies regarding aspects of its business, especially regulated businesses such as its broker dealer and investment advisory services. Such inquiries or investigations may consume significant management time and result in significant legal fees.
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Towers Watsons reinsurance intermediary business could be subject to claims arising from its work, which could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons reputation and business.
Towers Watsons reinsurance intermediary business may be subject to claims brought against it by clients or third parties. Clients are likely to assert claims if they fail to make full recoveries in respect of their own claims. If reinsurers with whom Towers Watson places business for its clients become insolvent or otherwise fail to make claims payments, this may also result in claims against Towers Watson.
Towers Watsons reinsurance business will assist its clients in placing reinsurance and handling related claims, which could involve substantial amounts of money. If Towers Watsons work results in claims, claimants may seek large damage awards and defending these claims can involve potentially significant costs. Claims could, by way of example, arise as a result of Towers Watsons reinsurance intermediaries failing to:
| | Place the reinsurance coverage requested by the client; |
| | Report claims on a timely basis or as required by the reinsurance contract or program; |
| | Communicate complete and accurate information to reinsurers relating to the risks being reinsured; or |
| | Appropriately model or advise Towers Watsons clients in relation to the extent and scope of reinsurance coverage that is advisable for a clients needs. |
Moreover, Towers Perrins reinsurance intermediary contracts, generally do not limit the maximum liability to which Towers Perrin, as a subsidiary of Towers Watson, may be exposed for claims involving alleged errors or omissions.
Towers Watson may be engaged in providing services outside of the core human capital and risk management business currently conducted by Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt, which may carry greater risk of liability.
Towers Watson intends to continue to grow the business of providing professional services to institutional investors and financial services companies. The risk of claims from these lines of business may be greater than from Towers Watsons core human capital and risk management business and claims may be for significant amounts. For example, Towers Watson may assist a pension plan to hedge its exposure to changes in interest rates. If the hedge does not perform as expected, Towers Watson could be exposed to claims. Contractual provisions intended to mitigate risk may not be enforceable.
Towers Watsons business will face rapid technological change and Towers Watsons failure to respond to this change quickly could materially adversely affect Towers Watsons business.
To remain competitive in Towers Watsons practice areas, Towers Watson will have to identify and offer the most current technologies and methodologies. In some cases, significant technology choices and investments are required. If Towers Watson does not respond correctly, quickly or in a cost-effective manner, Towers Watsons business and operating results might be harmed.
The effort to gain technological expertise and develop new technologies in Towers Watsons business may require Towers Watson to incur significant expenses and, in some cases, to implement these new technologies globally. If Towers Watson cannot offer new technologies as quickly or effectively as its competitors, Towers Watson could lose market share. Towers Watson also could lose market share if its competitors develop more cost-effective technologies than Towers Watson will offer or develop.
Limited protection of Towers Watson intellectual property could harm Towers Watsons business.
Towers Watson cannot guarantee that trade secret, trademark and copyright law protections will be adequate to deter misappropriation of Towers Watsons intellectual property (including its software, which may
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become an increasingly important part of Towers Watsons business). Existing laws of some countries in which Towers Watson will provide services or products may offer only limited protection of its intellectual property rights. Redressing infringements may consume significant management time and financial resources. Also, Towers Watson may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of its intellectual property and take the necessary steps to enforce Towers Watsons rights, which may have a material adverse impact on the business, financial condition or results of operations of Towers Watson.
Towers Watson could have liability or its reputation could be damaged if it does not protect client data or information systems or if its information systems are breached.
Towers Watson will depend on information technology networks and systems to process, transmit and store electronic information and to communicate among its locations around the world and with its alliance partners and clients. Security breaches could lead to shutdowns or disruptions of Towers Watsons systems and potential unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Towers Watson will also be required at times to manage, utilize and store sensitive or confidential client or employee data. As a result, Towers Watson will be subject to numerous U.S. and foreign jurisdiction laws and regulations designed to protect this information, such as the European Union Directive on Data Protection and various U.S. federal and state laws governing the protection of health or other individually identifiable information. If any person, including any of Towers Watsons employees, fails to comply with, disregards or intentionally breaches Towers Watsons established controls with respect to such data or otherwise mismanages or misappropriates that data, Towers Watson could be subject to monetary damages, fines or criminal prosecution. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client or employee data, whether through systems failure, accident, employee negligence, fraud or misappropriation, could damage Towers Watsons reputation and cause it to lose clients. Similarly, unauthorized access to or through Towers Watsons information systems or those it develops for its clients, whether by Towers Watsons employees or third parties, could result in significant additional expenses (including expenses relating to notification of data security breaches and costs of credit monitoring services), negative publicity, legal liability and damage to Towers Watsons reputation, as well as require substantial resources and effort of management, thereby diverting managements focus and resources from business operations.
Insurance may become more difficult or expensive to obtain.
The availability, terms and price of insurance (including, but not limited to, insurance for errors and omissions, directors and officers, and employment practices) are subject to many variables, including general insurance market conditions, loss experience in related industries and in the actuarial and benefits consulting industry, and the specific claims experience of an individual firm. Towers Watson will be subject to various regulatory requirements relating to insurance as well as client requirements. There can be no assurance that Towers Watson will be able to obtain insurance on terms comparable to those Towers Perrin or Watson Wyatt has obtained in the past, at cost effective rates or with reasonable claim retentions. Increases in the cost of insurance could affect Towers Watsons profitability and the unavailability of insurance to cover certain risks could have a material adverse effect on Towers Watsons financial condition or Towers Watsons ability to transact business in certain geographies, particularly in any specific period.
Towers Watson and its subsidiaries could encounter significant obstacles securing primary insurance coverage for errors and omissions liability risks on favorable or acceptable terms.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt currently obtain primary insurance for errors and omissions liability risks from a Vermont group captive insurance company known as Professional Consultants Insurance Company (which we refer to as PCIC). The current shareholders and insureds of PCIC are Towers Perrin, Watson Wyatt, and Milliman, Inc. While no decision has yet been made whether PCIC will continue to be the primary insurer, in the event the shareholders of PCIC determine that it should be placed into run-off mode (meaning PCIC continues to administer and pay existing claims, but does not write new insurance policies), which determination can be made by the shareholders at any time, Towers Watson will need to obtain primary insurance coverage in
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another manner, such as through a single-parent captive insurance company, from one or more commercial insurance providers or through a combination of these or other available alternatives. Alternatives to PCIC could result in different coverage terms, higher premiums and/or higher loss retentions or deductibles, than those Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have been able to obtain with PCIC as the primary issuer. Alternative insurance arrangements also could result in increased earnings volatility for Towers Watson. In addition, the unavailability at any future time of primary insurance coverage for errors and omissions liability risk due to future loss experience, market conditions or other factors could have a material adverse effect on Towers Watsons financial condition or Towers Watsons ability to transact business in certain geographies, particularly in any specific period.
Both Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have material pension liabilities that will be liabilities of Towers Watson following the merger, which liabilities can fluctuate significantly with changes in interest rates.
Both Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have material pension liabilities, which will be assumed by Towers Watson at the effective time. Watson Wyatts projected benefit obligation at June 30, 2009 was $1.1 billion, of which $255.4 million represented unfunded pension liabilities. Towers Perrins projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2008 was $1.7 billion, of which, $455.8 million represented unfunded pension liabilities. Movements in the interest rate environment could have a material effect on the level of liabilities in these plans at any given time. These pension plans have minimum funding requirements that may require material amounts of periodic additional funding. Cash required to fund pension plans may have to be diverted from other corporate initiatives.
Towers Watson may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms.
The maintenance and growth of Towers Watsons business will depend on its access to capital, which will depend in large part on cash flow generated by its business and the availability of equity and debt financing. There can be no assurance that Towers Watsons operations will generate sufficient positive cash flow to finance all of Towers Watsons capital needs or that Towers Watson will be able to obtain equity or debt financing on favorable terms or at all. Towers Watson expects to enter into a credit agreement with one or more lenders, to close contemporaneously with the mergers closing providing for a revolving credit facility of up to $500 million. As discussed elsewhere in this document, during the first 12 months following the effective date, Towers Watson will have significant cash requirements arising from the redemption of Towers Watson Class R common stock and payment of principal and interest under the Towers Watson Notes, as well as one-time fees and expenses relating to the merger. Towers Watson intends to fund such commitments by drawing down on such facility, if necessary. There can be no assurance that Towers Watson will be able to enter into a credit agreement on favorable terms or at all. Recent distress in the global credit markets has adversely impacted the availability of credit. Towers Watsons ability to enter into a credit agreement may be limited if market and general economic conditions continue to deteriorate or if Towers Watson is unable to meet certain closing conditions including the absence of a material adverse effect. If Towers Watson is unable to secure financing under a new credit agreement, it may incur fees to lenders under existing credit agreements with Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt to obtain their consent to the merger.
Towers Watson intends to enter into a revolving credit facility, which will contain a number of restrictive covenants that may restrict Towers Watsons operations.
Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt have entered into a commitment letter (the Commitment Letter) with Bank of America, N.A., PNC Bank, National Association and certain other parties with respect to a revolving credit facility of up to $500 million to be made available to Towers Watson following the closing of the merger (the Senior Credit Facility), as described at Towers Perrin Proposal No. 1 and Watson Wyatt Proposal No. 1: The Merger Agreement Senior Credit Facility.
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Towers Perrin and Watson Wyatt expect the Towers Watson credit agreement will contain a number of customary restrictive covenants imposing operating and financial restrictions on Towers Watson and certain of its subsidiaries, including restrictions that may limit their ability to engage in acts that may be in Towers Watsons long-term best interests. These covenants are likely to include, among others, limitations (and in some cases, prohibitions) that would, directly or indirectly, restrict Towers Watsons ability to:
| | Incur liens or additional indebtedness (including guarantees or contingent obligations); |
| | Engage in mergers and other fundamental changes; |
| | Sell or otherwise dispose of property or assets; |
| | Pay dividends and other distributions; and |
| | Change the nature of its business. |
The credit agreement also is expected to contain financial covenants that would limit Towers Watsons interest expense and total debt relative to EBIDTA.
Any operating restrictions and financial covenants in Towers Watsons credit agreement and any future financing agreements may limit Towers Watsons ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Towers Watsons ability to comply with any financial covenants could