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(Dollars
in Millions Except Per Common Share Data)
Note
1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business:
Borders Group, Inc. (the Company), through its subsidiaries, operates
book and music superstores mall-based bookstores and other bookstores
in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand
and Puerto Rico. The Company, through its subsidiary Borders Online, Inc.,
is also an online retailer of books, music, and video through the operation
of its Internet commerce site, Borders.com. The Companys subsidiaries
include Borders, Inc. (Borders), Walden Book Company, Inc. (Walden), Borders
(UK) Limited (formerly Books etc.) and Borders Online, Inc.
Principles of
Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts
of the Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany
transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
Fiscal Year:
The Companys fiscal year ends on the Sunday immediately preceding
the last Wednesday in January. Fiscal 2000 consisted of 53 weeks and ended
on January 28, 2001. Fiscal 1999 and 1998 consisted of 52 weeks and ended
on January 23, 2000, and January 24, 1999, respectively.
Foreign Currency
and Translation of Foreign Subsidiaries: All assets and liabilities
of the Companys foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars
at fiscal period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated
at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation
adjustments are recorded as a component of stockholders equity and
other comprehensive income. The functional currencies of the Companies
foreign operations are the respective local currencies. Foreign currency
translation gains/(losses) were $(0.8), $0.2, and $0.3 in 2000, 1999,
and 1998, respectively.
Cash and Equivalents:
Cash and equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities
of 90 days or less.
Inventories:
Merchandise inventories are valued on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis
at the lower of cost or market using the retail inventory method. The
Company includes certain distribution and other expenses in its inventory
costs, totaling $87.7 and $79.8 as of January 28, 2001, and January 23,
2000, respectively.
Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment are recorded at cost, including capitalized interest,
and depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis
for financial statement purposes and on accelerated methods for income
tax purposes. Most store properties are leased and improvements are amortized
over the term of the lease, generally over 5 to 20 years. Other annual
rates used in computing depreciation for financial state-subsidiaries
ment purposes are 2% to 3% for buildings and 10% to 33% for other fixtures
and equipment. Amortization of assets under capital leases is included
in depreciation expense.
During fiscal 1999,
the Company shortened the estimated depreciable lives of certain categories
of personal computer equipment to three years and extended the estimated
depreciable lives of certain store fixtures up to ten years. The Company
believes that these changes better reflect the useful lives of these assets.
The Company accounted for this as a change in estimate; accordingly, the
Company will utilize the new depreciable lives prospectively. These changes
did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position
or results of operations during fiscal 2000 or 1999.
The carrying value
of long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are evaluated
whenever changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such
assets may not be recoverable.
Goodwill:
Goodwill is amortized over 20 to 40 years on a straight-line basis. The
Company evaluates the recover-January ability of goodwill using a fair
value methodology when-52 ever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. This methodology
is applied separately to each of the businesses for which the Company
has recorded goodwill. In determining the fair value, the median price/earnings
(P/E) multiple for similar growth retail companies, or the median earnings
before depreciation and amortization, interest and taxes (EBITDA) multiple
for mature companies, is calculated based upon actual quoted market prices
per share and analysts consensus earnings estimates for these companies.
The applicable multiple is applied to earnings or EBITDA to arrive at
an overall fair value of the respective companies. The Company evaluates
any indicated impairment as temporary or permanent, and records appropriate
charges (if any) to operations for commitments or, for forecasted transactions,
deferred and permanent impairments.
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