1997 ANNUAL REPORT

Final globe cover type
2000 N.W. 84th Avenue
Miami, Florida 33122
 Phone: 305.908.7200
 Fax: 305.908.7040

Significant Events of 1997

March May June July


* Completed acquisition of Frank & Walter

* Acquired 3 companies in Miami and Czech Republic

* Letter of intent to acquire Lars Krull

* Definitive agreements to purchase 4 companies in Europe and Latin America

* Completed integration of acquired Merisel operations

* Completed largest public offering in industry history, raising $474 million

August October November December


* Acquired Karma International

* Exercise of over-allotment by underwriters

* Approved three-for-two split of common shares

* Acquired Santech Micro Group

* Definitive agreements to purchase 6 companies in Europe and Latin America

* Opened two new distribution centers in Eastern Europe

March 1997:

* Completed acquisition of Frank & Walter, a computer products distributor with 1996 sales of nearly $700 million, making CHS the largest distributor in Germany.

* Acquisition of three distributors, two based in Miami and one in the Czech Republic, with combined 1996 revenue of $201 million. This boosts CHS' Latin American revenue above $1 billion per year and gives the Company a presence in Africa for the first time.

* Letter of intent to acquire Denmark-based Lars Krull A.S., with 1996 revenue of $70 million and operations in three countries where CHS had no presence previously ­ Denmark, Ireland and Norway.

May 1997:

* Definitive agreements to purchase four companies distributing in Europe and Latin America, making CHS the leading distributor in Argentina and Brazil and adding Slovenia to the list of East European countries served.

June 1997:

* Completion of integration into CHS of the acquired French, German, Swiss, U. K. and Latin American subsidiaries of Merisel, Inc. This 1996 acquisition had doubled the size of CHS.

July 1997:

* Completion of public offering, with 13 million shares (pre 3 for 2 stock split) of CHS common stock sold raising over $400 million.

August 1997:

* Acquisition of Karma International, with $700 million in 1996 revenues, a compound annual growth rate of more than 100%, and more than 10,000 resellers in Europe and ­ new for CHS ­ the Middle East and Asia.

* Exercise of over-allotment option by underwriters adds 1.95 million shares (pre 3 for 2 split) or $62 million to the CHS public offering, making it the largest such offering in the history of the computer products distribution industry.

* Board approves three-for-two split of CHS common shares.

October 1997:

* Acquisition of Norway-based Santech Micro Group, with 1996 sales of $718 million and a compound annual growth rate of 51% over three years, making CHS both the largest distributor in Scandinavia (with 1998 revenues in that region expected to be nearly $1 billion) and also the largest in Europe.

November 1997:

* Agreement for the purchase of six companies ­ four in Eastern Europe, one in Spain, and one serving Latin America out of Miami ­ with combined 1997 revenues of $595 million. New operations in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Russia and Turkey raise CHS' expected 1998 revenues in Eastern Europe to $1 billion.

December 1997:

* Opening of two new distribution centers, each containing 50,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Warsaw and Budapest.

Financial Highlights

Income Statement Data



Twelve months ended December 31,
 
1997 1996 % of change
(in thousands, except for per share common amounts)
Net sales  $4,756,383    $1,855,540 156.3%
Gross profit  346,669 131,108 164.4%
Operating earnings  89,161 28,873 208.8%
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest  65,013 20,360 219.3%
Income tax expense  13,988 6,086 129.8%
Net earnings  48,391 12,166 297.8%
Net earnings per common share ­ diluted  $        1.32  $          .78 69.2%

 
Balance Sheet Data  1997  1996
Cash and cash equivalents  $ 68,806  $ 35,137
Working capital  278,771  31,506
Total assets  1,968,822  861,949
Long-term debt  61,556  45,327
Shareholders' equity  667,764 104,533
Financialsillust


Letter to ShareholdersCHS MAN

In 1997, through a series of truly remarkable achievements, CHS Electronics established itself as the leader among distributors of microcomputer products outside the United States.
By the end of the year we had:

* Completed our sixth consecutive quarter of triple-digit increases in both net income and sales ­ with the growth rate for profits exceeding the revenue growth rate over that 18-month period.

* Improved net, operating and gross margins over the comparable figures for 1996.

* Acquired 15 companies, national and regional leaders among them, thereby becoming the largest microcomputer distributor in both Latin America and Europe, the largest outside the U.S., and third in the world.

* Completed the largest public offering of stock in the history of our industry raising $474 million by selling 30% more shares than originally planned at a price more than 20% above what had first been proposed.

And those were only the most notable of the year's highlights. Like every year, since 1993 when the Company began operations, 1997 brought progress so substantial and so multi-faceted that it transformed CHS. By every measure ­ financial performance, market penetration, resources, stature in the industry ­ CHS was a vastly different company at the end of 1997 than it had been when the year began.

And the transformation continues. The opening months of 1998 have brought new achievements, new progress, new opportunities and the development of new, even loftier goals.

Ultimately, of course, any corporation's performance has to be measured in numbers. CHS' numbers were impressively good when 1997 began and markedly better by year-end. The year's net income, $48.4 million, was 298% higher than the 1996 total. Earnings per share rose to $1.32 from $0.78 in 1996, and net sales climbed 156% to a 1997 total of $4.8 billion. Operating income rose 209% to a 1997 total of $89.2 million, and gross profit rose 164% to $346.7 million.

Our ability to manage rapidly accelerating sales is reflected in the upward movement of our key margins. The Company's net and operating margins were 1.0% and 1.9% during 1997, respectively, compared with 0.7% and 1.6%, respectively, in the preceding year.

The extent to which we have opportunities to further improve our profitability by reducing selling, general and administrative expense as a percent of sales is apparent in the fact that we reduced this ratio to 5.1% in the fourth quarter of 1997 from 5.7% in the third quarter.

Important as our acquisitions program continues to be, it is by no means the Company's sole source of growth. Sales from continuing operations ­ "same-store" sales ­ were 28% higher in 1997 than a year earlier. The gain is 34% when constant currency rates are used.

Throughout 1997 we continued to pursue an aggressive acquisitions strategy aimed at strengthening the Company's leadership position by taking advantage of the fragmentation of the microcomputer distribution industry outside the U.S. and the competitive edge available to large, efficient companies able to qualify for the best discounts and rebates. Two of the acquisitions of 1997 were particularly significant.

The first involved Karma International, S.A. ("Karma"), a Switzerland-based company distributing microcomputer products through 28 offices to more than 10,000 resellers in 18 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Because Karma had revenues of approximately $700 million in 1996 and a compound annual growth rate of more than 100% over the preceding three years, this acquisition added significantly both to our size and to our growth.

Karma was one of the principal means by which the 1997 transformation of CHS was accomplished. It made CHS first in the world among distributors of mass-storage products, and it gave us for the first time a presence in the big, fragmented and immensely promising Middle Eastern and Asian markets.

In the same month that the Karma acquisitions was completed ­ August 1997 ­ we announced our plans for the purchase of Santech Micro Group (Santech), a leading distributor in the Scandinavian countries with 1996 sales of approximately $718 million and a compound annual growth rate of 51% over the preceding three years. This purchase, completed in October, vaulted CHS into the number-one position in the Scandinavian market with estimated 1998 sales of nearly $1 billion. Simultaneously, it made us the largest distributor in Europe and number three in the world.

In the midst of all this, to raise money for acquisitions and for use as working capital, we decided to attempt to issue 10 million new shares of common stock at price expected to be approximately $26.50 per share. Ultimately, after 13 million shares were sold at $31.75 per share (pre 3 for 2 stock split) and the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 1.95 million shares, this became the largest offering in the history of our industry. It netted CHS approximately $430 million. We used $200 million of these proceeds to provide the cash portion of the Karma and Santech acquisitions. The increase in working capital made possible by the offering has increased our ability to take advantage of competitively significant early payment discounts.

The offering also contributed substantially to making our balance sheet vastly stronger at the end of 1997 than it had been a year earlier. Working capital rose ninefold, from $31.5 million at the end of 1996 to $279 million on December 31, 1997. By contrast, long-term debt rose comparatively
modestly over the same period, from $45.3 million to $61.6 million, while shareholders' equity increased from $104.5 million to $667.8 million. Shortly after completion of the offering, our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of CHS common shares.
 

We ended 1997 with the opening of our new European distribution centers in Warsaw and Budapest. These new centers, with 50,000 square feet of warehouse and office space each, supplement our 100,000 square-foot facility in the Czech Republic. Together, these three operations illustrate the importance of our presence in the high-potential, still highly fragmented East European marketplace.

We enter 1998 committed to staying on course and continuing to generate more of the same: more earnings, more sales, more national and regional markets successfully entered. We continue to actively seek high-quality, profitable distributors with knowledge of the markets that interest us and strong entrepreneurial skills. Less than two months into the new year, we agreed to purchase 80% of the Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore subsidiaries of SiS Distribution Ltd ("SiS"). This latest acquisition is expected to have consolidated sales totaling some $420 million in 1998. SiS serves approximately 2,000 resellers throughout its region, and it is an unusually attractive opportunity because few Asian distributors are active in more than one national market. The acquisition brings with it eight offices in People's Republic of China, expanding our presence into that huge and undeveloped market.

Asia, the Middle East, Africa ­ the world is rich in untapped opportunities for CHS to repeat in new places what it has already done and is continuing to accomplish in Latin America and Europe. We are committed to seizing these opportunities, and also to continuing to manage everything we do in such a way as to grow our profitability as well as our sales.

We are excited about our prospects. The Company's Board and management are grateful to our shareholders, our employees and our vendors for making those prospects possible, and for our success to date.

 

Claudio Osorio
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President


OPERATIONS

Latin America


Experts on the personal computer industry predict that sales in parts of the world other than the U.S. and Western Europe will increase from $14.9 billion in 1997 to $21.6 billion in 1999. That's impressive growth for a big industry: it involves a compound annual growth rate of 20.3%. In the U.S., by contrast, the compound annual growth rate for sales of computer products is expected to be approximately 9% in the same period.

And of all the fast-growing major markets of the world, the most dynamic is expected to be Latin America. This is true partly because of the explosion of economic development that is sweeping the entire region from Mexico to Argentina, causing demand for computer products to rise sharply. It's also true because penetration of the Latin American market for computer products is still at an almost ridiculously low level: less than 3%, versus more than 36% in the U.S.

What all this adds up to is a tremendous opportunity for computer product distributors with a strong market presence, good knowledge of Latin America's numerous national markets, and the financial resources needed to compete effectively. We believe that CHS Electronics is better positioned than any other distributor to take advantage of this opportunity. The Company is now the largest distributor in Latin America, with sales of $1.1 billion in 1997 (the region contributed 23% of the Company's sales for the year). CHS' local management has the authority to make decisions necessary to satisfy the particular demands of their respective markets. The Company believes that its business model of focused distribution through locally managed full service facilities provides competitive and operating advantages. The Company is committed to using its advantages to be both an agent of growth and a beneficiary of growth throughout Latin America in 1998 and in the years to follow.
 


 

Several acquisitions contributed significantly to building CHS' market position in Latin America during 1997. In March, the Company acquired Dinexim, which was based in Miami, distributed to resellers throughout the region, and had 1996 sales of $152 million. June brought agreements for the purchase of three additional Latin American distribution companies. Among these three was CompExpress Informatica Ltda., which, with revenues of $51 million in 1996, was among the largest IBM distributors in Brazil.

These acquisitions, when added to CHS' other operations in Argentina and Brazil, made the Company the leading distributor of computer products in those two major countries. In November, CHS agreed to purchase Micro-Informatica, which served more than 3,000 resellers from its Miami base and had 1997 revenues of $134 million.
 


 

With each of these steps, CHS has added to the strength of the regional leadership position it began building in July 1994 with the acquisition of Promark, a major Miami-based distributor with subsidiaries in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Venezuela. By the time of the public offering in June 1996, CHS had acquired additional major distribution capabilities in Latin American through its BEK and Merisel acquisitions and through the purchase of local distributors in Peru and Ecuador. Acquisitions since that public offering have brought into CHS additional operations with strong entrepreneurial management able to take full competitive advantage of the top-line products and cost reductions made possible by affiliation with one of the world's largest and most efficient distribution giants.
 


 


OPERATIONS

West Europe

West Europe.hi res_final

West Europe, one of the wealthiest and most technologically developed regions on Earth, is of course one of the world's great markets for high-tech equipment. In fact, the region accounts for nearly a fourth of the global personal computer market. There is no better evidence of the speed with which
 

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CHS Electronics has been moving into a position of world leadership than the fact that in 1997 it emerged as the number-one distributor of microcomputer products in Western Europe.

Despite the region's size and economic importance, Western Europe is neither as mature nor as intensely competitive as the U.S. as a computer products distribution market. Market penetration (the percentage of personal computers to population) in Western Europe is still only about half that of the U.S., and because the Western European market remains relatively fragmented, it offers profit margins in many markets that, although narrower than those in developing parts of the world, are significantly more attractive than those in the U.S.

The CHS story in Western Europe is one of astonishing growth from small beginnings. Though the Company first entered the computer products distribution industry by acquiring a relatively small German operation in 1993, its presence in the region remained extremely modest for more than a year and a half ­ until the September 1994 acquisition of certain units of Omnilogic, an important distributor in England, France and Belgium. Almost exactly two years after that came the acquisition of Merisel's operations in Austria, England, France, Germany and Switzerland. At that point, CHS was not merely a presence in the West European market but a contender for leadership. A series of 1997 acquisitions transformed CHS from being merely one of the region's contenders to being the leader in its industry. Especially notable among these acquisitions were:

*Frank & Walter, the fourth largest distributor in Germany, which made CHS the largest distributor in that country.

*Karma International, a major distributor not only in Europe but also active in the Middle East and Asia.

*Santech Micro Group, one of the top distributors in Scandinavia.

It was the Santech acquisition, which when added to CHS' other operations, produced Scandinavian revenues expected to total over $1 billion in 1998. This addition put the Company in the top position in Western Europe.
WestEurope

The Karma acquisition added approximately 10,000 additional resellers to CHS, and it brought other significant aspects as well. It contributed a new logistic concept of centralized warehousing and just-in-time distribution throughout Europe of CHS' universal and unbranded products. The Karma distribution system is recognized throughout the industry as a model of efficient, centralized distribution of commodity products in fragmented markets. The economies of that system, and their impact on lower selling, general and administrative expenses, have been extended throughout CHS.

The achievement of leadership is only a beginning for CHS in Western Europe. The Company's new number-one position will be extended and consolidated in 1998 and beyond through internal growth and the continued pursuit of acquisitions that offer new opportunities for profitable growth. CHS continues to explore possible acquisitions throughout the region, looking for candidates with entrepreneurial local management teams that are demonstrably knowledgeable of their national markets and well positioned to make use of the economies and support systems that CHS can make available to them.
 

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OPERATIONS
East Europe

East Europe.hi res_final

East Europe is a dynamic, complex and very attractive part of the global market for microcomputer products. It is also a region in which CHS has built an extraordinarily strong position for itself over the past five years, and in which it is poised for continued rapid growth in 1998 and beyond.
PolandCZECH-1

Though Eastern Europe is still unfamiliar territory for many international companies, CHS has been active in the region almost since it began distribution operations in 1993. Shortly after making its first acquisition in Germany that year, CHS began doing business in the Czech Republic. It found that demand was strong, and that the existing distribution system was fragmented and rudimentary. From this has flowed both very strong internal growth along with a growing list of acquisitions. CHS is now doing business in 13 of the region's countries, is the leading distributor in 9 of those countries, and is a dominant leader in the region with its nearest competitor only a third its size.

In 1997, the Company's East European sales were $514 million, more than double the 1996 total. While 16% of the increase over 1996 came from the acquisitions of companies distributing in Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia, most of the increase was contributed by internal growth. All of the more than two dozen CHS Companies operating in Eastern Europe during 1997 were profitable. Overall they achieved a net profit margin of more than 3% ­ a level that would be unachievable in more developed markets.

Even today, international distributors are rare in Eastern Europe. The dominant position that CHS now enjoys in the region makes it highly attractive to computer product manufacturers seeking to expand there: through CHS (and through no other single company) they can reach every country in the region.

The Company's East Europe sales goal for 1998 is an ambitious one: $1 billion. It is helped in the pursuit of this goal by its most recent round of acquisitions including:

* TH' Systems, which has its head office in the Czech Republic, had 1997 sales of $143 million, and distributes in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia.

* Merisel Russia, which had 1997 sales of $57 million, makes CHS the largest distributor in Russia.
 

EastEurope


 

* Two Istanbul-based distributors, Arena and Armada, which had combined sales of $131 million in 1997 and make CHS the largest distributor in Turkey.

CHS ended 1997 with pro forma revenues of $200 million in the Czech Republic, $160 million in Russia, and $40 million each in Hungary and Slovakia. It had an increasingly significant presence in other Eastern European countries, especially in the three Baltic states and the former Balkan countries: Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovenia.

Two new distribution centers, each including 50,000 square feet of office and warehouse space, were opened in Budapest and Warsaw in November. Together with the Company's 100,000 square-foot facility in the Czech Republic, they are tangible evidence of the prominence and steadily increasing importance of CHS throughout the East European region.
 


OPERATIONS

Asia

Asia.hi res_final

In the nineteenth century, the merchants of the West dreamed of selling "oil for the lamps of China" ­ to become a source of some basic necessity for the vast reaches of Asia, thereby tapping into a market of almost unimaginable size.
 

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Today, with so many parts of the Far East experiencing rapid modernization and economic development, that kind of dream is more enticing than ever. A version of it, suited to the late 1990s, would not involve oil for lamps but personal computers for homes, offices and stores of China, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam...

CHS Electronics is today in the earliest stages of turning that dream into a reality.

The Company entered the Asian market in 1997 its acquisition of Karma International, which included China among the 18 countries in which it distributed microcomputer products. The start was a modest one ­ Asia and the Middle East together accounted for about 17% of Karma's $700 million in 1996 revenues ­ but its importance was out of proportion to its size. By creating a connection between the fragmented, undeveloped Asian market and CHS' increasingly efficient, aggressively expanding global distribution system, the Karma acquisition put a unique opportunity and an organization capable of putting that opportunity to good and full use into direct contact for the first time.

The Company's second step into Asia came in February, 1998 with the agreement to purchase 80% of the China, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam subsidiaries of SiS Distribution Ltd., a Hong Kong-based distributor of microcomputer products. Because the operation included eight offices in the People's Republic of China, CHS found itself with additional new distribution capabilities in that market. The SiS acquisition was an unusually attractive opportunity in several ways. The acquired operations were one of the longest-established computer distribution companies in Asia, which brought with them an experienced Asian management team ­ the kind of local knowledgeable, entrepreneurial team that CHS has always sought in executing its acquisition program. SiS was also attractive as an unusual example of an Asian distribution company doing business in more than one national market. It handles a product line similar to that of CHS, one providing first-quality brands such as Hewlett Packard, IBM, Compaq and Microsoft to approximately 2,000 resellers in its high-potential markets.
 

Asia


 

The terms of the SiS deal demonstrate that the recent uncertainty in Far Eastern financial markets has contributed to making acquisitions in the region far more attractive than they had been earlier. The purchase price of companies that had been seriously overvalued not long ago are coming closer into alignment with reality, giving rise to excellent opportunities for buyers.

This opportunity placed CHS ­ with its financial resources and its consistent success in winning over the most attractive acquisition candidates around the world ­ in the right place, at the right time.

Asia today is for CHS what Europe and Latin America were just three years ago: a possibility on the verge of becoming a reality. The region provided less than 2% of the Company's revenues in 1997, but it is expected to account for about 8% in 1998 and as much as 20% by 2000.
 


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Future Goals
GOING FORWARD

In keeping with the long and rapid strides taken by CHS in 1997 and in every year since the start of our distribution operations, the Company has ambitious goals for 1998:

* We intend to consolidate our leadership position in Latin America, Western and Eastern Europe, vigorously pursue growth in Asia, and consider a first strategic entry into the U.S. market. This last objective, a start of distribution in the U.S., will not be done in a traditional way and will also not involve us going head to head with America's established market leaders. Our focus will be on segments or niches of the U.S. market where the potential for rapid sales growth and exceptional margins and profits is high. When appropriate, we will explore possible acquisitions or joint ventures that can speed our entry into submarkets of this kind.
ITE_009.HiRes
* Our financial goals for 1998 include pro forma sales of $12 billion. This objective includes pro forma sales of:
* $6 billion in Western Europe
* $2 billion in Latin America
* $1 billion in Eastern Europe
* $800 million in Asia
* We will also diversify our business by aggressively investing in and developing electronic commerce so that orders can be placed via the Internet.
* We will also expand the higher-margin Digital Network Services business in which CHS planners and engineers install and support work stations for clients.
* We intend to move to standardize our IS systems, basing them on just two or three products that can accommodate the arrival of both the year 2000 and the European Community's common currency.
* We also plan to expand our build-to-order and private label businesses, create a centralized purchasing function in all regions, and create a Pan-European distribution and logistics center for the Company.
* Another area we plan to enter is the telecommunications field. We are exploring the possibility of selling telecommunications equipment and accessories
* And we will increase the size and reach of CHS Cares, our charitable foundation.
Title

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following tables set forth certain financial data for each year in the five year period ended December 31, 1997. The information presented as of and for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994 and 1993, is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, which statements have been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, independent public accountants. The following data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere herein.
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
(In thousands, except per share and other data)
Income Statement Data:
Net sales $4,756,383 $1,855,540 $936,703 $359,169 $146,408
Cost of goods sold 4,409,714 1,724,432 868,716 333,983 136,968
Gross profit 346,669 131,108 67,987 25,186 9,440
Operating expenses 257,508 102,235 57,188 21,798 9,075
Operating income 89,161 28,873 10,799 3,388 365
Interest income (11,470) (3,199) (1,757) (250) (229)
Interest expense 35,618 11,712 6,454 2,070 1,076
Earnings (loss) before income taxes and minority interest in subsidiaries 65,013 20,360 6,102 1,568 (482)
Provision for income taxes 13,988 6,086 1,797 603 241
Minority interest 2,634 2,108 -- -- --
Net earnings (loss) $48,391 $12,166 $4,305 $965 $(723)
Net earnings (loss) per share--basic $1.44 $.80 $.41 $.14 $(.21)
Net earnings (loss) per share--diluted 1.32 .78 .37 .14 (.21)
Weighted average shares
outstanding--basic
33,527 15,244 10,618 7,039 3,403
Other Data:
Number of countries
39 28 15 10 2
Inventory turns 9 10 10 10 23
Days receivable 33 36 35 32 31
At December 31,
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents $68,806 $35,137 $11,171 $8,368 $603
Working capital (deficit) 278,771 31,506 9,843 14,004 (1,426)
Total assets 1,968,822 861,949 265,804 164,468 29,058
Total debt 371,066 201,259 55,239 23,302 6,949
Shareholders' equity 667,764 104,533 29,892 19,870 1,930

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

"Forward-Looking" Information

This Annual Report contains certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which represent the Company's expectations and beliefs, including, but not limited to, statements concerning gross margins, the effect of Karma's results on operating expenses and sales of the Company's products both by regions and on a proforma basis. These statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company's control, and actual results may differ materially depending on a variety of important factors, including the level of acquisition opportunities available to the Company and the Company's ability to efficiently price and negotiate such acquisitions on a favorable basis, the financial condition of the Company's customers, the failure to properly manage growth and successfully integrate acquired companies and operations, changes in economic conditions, demand for the Company's products and changes in competitive environment.

The Company cautions that the factors described above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements of the Company made by or on behalf of the Company. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all of such factors. Further, management cannot assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Overview

CHS distributes microcomputer products, including personal computers, peripherals, networking products and software in 39 countries, primarily in Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The Company has pursued and expects to continue to pursue an aggressive strategy of growth through acquisitions of distributors in these and other regions. Together with growth in its existing business, such acquisitions have enabled the Company to significantly increase net sales and achieve strong operating results. From 1993 to 1997, the Company's net sales increased from $146.4 million to $4.8 billion. The Company attributes these increases in sales to its acquisitions, increased consumer demand for the Company's products and an expansion of the range of products offered.

The Company derives all of its operating income and cash flow from its operating subsidiaries, most of which are organized and operated outside the United States. Generally, the Company purchases its inventory with a combination of United States dollars and local currency and sells in local currency. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to the risk of currency fluctuations through hedging. See "--Currency Risk Management."

The following table sets forth acquisitions made by the Company, the service areas of the operations acquired and the dates as of which the results of operations of the acquired company were included in the Company's financial statements during 1995 to 1997.

Subsidiary(1) Service Area Date Included in
Financial
Statements 
CHS Nexsys(2) Colombia December 1997 
CHS Ledakon Colombia  November 1997 
CHS Romak  Ireland October 1997 
CompExpress Brazil October 1997
Santech Norway, Sweden,
Denmark
October 1997
Ameritech Argentina(3) Argentina  August 1997
Ameritech
Exports(3)
Latin America  August 1997
Atlantis
Skupina(4) 
Slovenia  August 1997
Karma  Europe, Middle
East
and Asia 
August 1997
Lars Krull  Denmark, Norway,
Sweden 
August 1997
CHS Dinexim  Latin America  May 1997 
CHS Access and Agora  Czech Republic  May 1997 
CHS International High Tech Marketing  Africa  April 1997 
Frank & Walter  Germany January 1997 
CHS Estonia  Estonia  January 1997
Infocentro de Chile(4)  Chile  January 1997
CHS Merisel United Kingdom(5) United Kingdom  October 1996 
CHS Merisel France(5) France  October 1996
CHS Merisel Switzerland(5) Switzerland  October 1996
CHS Merisel Germany(5) Germany  October 1996 
CHS Merisel Austria(5) Austria  October 1996 
CHS Merisel Latin America(5) Latin America  October 1996 
CHS Merisel Mexico(5) Mexico  October 1996 
CHS Ecuador(4) Ecuador  June 1996 
CHS Russia  Russia  June 1996
CHS Switzerland  Switzerland  April 1996 
CHS Peru Peru  March 1996 
CHS Hungary(4)  Hungary  February 1996 
CHS Poland  Poland  November 1995
CHS Czechia(6) Czech Republic October 1995
CHS Sweden  Sweden  July 1995 
CHS Finland  Finland July 1995 
CHS BEK  Latin America  July 1995

(1) The names are those by which the Company refers to its subsidiaries and are not necessarily the legal names of the entities.
(2) The Company owns 65 of this company.
(3) Deemed by the Company to be part of one acquisition.
(4) The Company owns 51 of this company.
(5) Deemed by the Company to be part of one acquisition.
(6) The Company acquired a 16 interest in CHS Czechia in January 1993 and acquired the remaining 84 in October 1995.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, the percentage of net sales represented by certain items in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Earnings:
Years Ended December 31, 
1997 1996  1995 
Net sales 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cost of goods sold 92.7 92.9 92.7 
Gross profit 7.3 7.1 7.3 
Operating expenses 5.4 5.5 6.1
Operating earnings 1.9 1.6 1.2 
Interest income (.2) (.1) (.2) 
Interest expense .7 .6 .7
Earnings before income taxes 1.4 1.1 .7
Income taxes .3 .3 .2 
Minority interest .1 .1 --
Net earnings 1.0 .7 .5

1997 Compared to 1996

Net Sales. Net sales increased $2.9 billion, or 156.3, from $1.9 billion in 1996 to $4.8 billion in 1997 due principally to acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, internal growth. Of the increase in net sales, newly acquired subsidiaries (including existing CHS companies for the first nine months of 1997 which were integrated with companies acquired from Merisel) contributed $2.5 billion. Net comparable sales of subsidiaries consolidated for both 1996 and 1997 grew $371.3 million or 28.0. This growth is attributed to increased consumer demand for microcomputer products offered by the Company.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $215.6 million, or 164.4, from $131.1 million in 1996 to $346.7 million in 1997 due principally to acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, internal growth. Gross profit on a comparable basis for subsidiaries consolidated for both 1996 and 1997 increased $42.4 million, or 48.3. Newly acquired subsidiaries (including existing CHS companies for the first nine months of 1997 which were integrated with companies acquired from Merisel) contributed $173.1 million of increased gross profit.

Gross margin increased from 7.1 in 1996 to 7.3 in 1997. The change in gross margin was due to increased early payment discounts and vendor rebates offset to some extent by lower gross margins of the recently acquired Karma operations. The Company utilized more early payment discount opportunities as a result of the cash generated by its public equity offering in July 1997. Additionally, the Company's growth has resulted in more favorable volume rebates with certain key vendors. The increase in gross margin attributable to early payment discounts (0.2) and volume rebates (1.4) was offset by the fact that the Karma operation has a lower gross margin due to the nature of the products sold. The Company expects that 1998 gross margins will be lower than in 1997 due to the impact of having the Karma operations included in the entire year and due to continued competitive pressures. Although the Company has been achieving higher gross margins (10.5 and 9.3 in 1996 and 1997, respectively) in its Eastern European operations than in other areas, the Company expects gross margins in Eastern Europe to continue to decline due to increased competition and a Company strategy to increase sales through more competitive pricing. The Company expects that the impact on gross profit due to decreased gross margins in this geographic area will be fully offset by increased sales.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales declined from 5.5 in 1996 to 5.4 in 1997. Included were the expenses of maintaining a minimally utilized warehouse in the Netherlands in 1997 and $1.4 million in Merisel restructuring expenses in 1996. In 1998 the warehouse is expected to be utilized for distribution of universal products (e.g., mass storage and components). The comparative operating expense ratios without these items would have been 5.4 for 1997 and 5.4 for 1996. The Company expects that the inclusion of Karma's results for a full year will result in operating expenses being a lower percentage of net sales based on the lower operating expenses of Karma. Operating expenses for both periods include the results of foreign currency transactions. Such results were a net gain of $1.2 million in 1997 and $1.6 million in 1996.

Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense increased $15.6 million, or 183.7, from $8.5 million in 1996 to $24.1 million in 1997. The increase is directly related to the increase in average loan amounts outstanding.

Income Taxes. Income taxes as a percentage of earnings before income taxes and minority interest in subsidiaries decreased from 29.9 in 1996 to 21.5 in 1997. The change is due to a higher proportion of income earned in jurisdictions with lower tax rates and the use of net operating loss carryforwards, offset, to a certain extent, by losses in subsidiaries with no tax benefit and non deductible goodwill amortization. The Company expects to have an effective tax rate lower than the statutory United States tax rate in 1998 principally due to its ability to use remaining net operating loss carryforwards from certain subsidiaries and the proportion of income expected in jurisdictions with lower tax rates.

1996 Compared to 1995

Net Sales. Net sales increased $918.8 million, or 98.1, from $936.7 million in 1995 to $1.9 billion in 1996 due principally to acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, internal growth. Of the increase in net sales, subsidiaries not included in both 1995 and 1996 contributed $640.7 million. Net comparable sales of subsidiaries consolidated for both 1995 and 1996 grew $278.1 million or 29.7. This growth is attributed to increased consumer demand for microcomputer products offered by the Company and the expansion of sales by the Company's subsidiaries to include a full range of products.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $63.1 million, or 92.8, from $68.0 million in 1995 to $131.1 million in 1996 due principally to acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, internal growth. Gross profit on a comparable basis for subsidiaries consolidated for both 1995 and 1996 increased $13.6 million, or 20.0. Subsidiaries not included in both 1995 and 1996 contributed $49.5 million of gross profit.

Gross margin decreased from 7.3 in 1995 to 7.1 in 1996. The decrease was due to lower gross margins from subsidiaries located in Western Europe, particularly those operations acquired from Merisel, which, as a result of high volumes of sales by those entities, had a significant impact on the Company's gross margin as a whole. The Company attributes the decrease in gross margins to competitive pressures in this region, especially in Germany. The Company's subsidiaries in Germany had the lowest gross margins of all its European subsidiaries in 1996. The Company expects that overall gross margin may continue to decline in 1997 due to continued competitive pricing pressures and the fact that the gross margins of the acquired Merisel companies have been generally lower than that of the Company and will be included in the consolidation for the full year. In addition, the acquisition of Frank & Walter, which operates in Germany, where gross margins are generally lower, will also impact overall gross margin. The gross margin of the combined Merisel companies for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 was 7.0.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales declined from 6.1 in 1995 to 5.5 in 1996. The decline was due to efficiencies gained through increased sales volume and the Company's efforts to control costs. The reduction was achieved even though a provision of $1.4 million was made for restructuring costs incurred by CHS (consisting of severance costs for CHS employees, write-off of CHS leasehold improvements and lease termination costs of CHS closed facilities) to implement consolidation in markets in which a CHS company previously existed and a company was acquired from Merisel. The operating expense ratio without such charge would have been 5.4 for the year.

Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense increased $3.8 million, or 81.2, from $4.7 million in 1995 to $8.5 million in 1996. The increase is directly related to the increase in average loan amounts outstanding.

Income Taxes. Income taxes as a percentage of earnings before income taxes and minority interest in subsidiaries increased slightly from 29.4 in 1995 to 29.9 in 1996. Management does not believe this change is significant. The difference between this tax rate and the statutory United States tax rate is due to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and lower foreign tax rates, offset to some extent by losses in subsidiaries with no tax benefit and non-deductible goodwill amortization.

Seasonality

The Company typically experiences variability in its net sales and net income on a quarterly basis as a result of many factors, including the condition of the microcomputer industry in general, shifts in demand for software and hardware products and industry announcements of new products or upgrades. Sales in Europe in the first and fourth quarters of each year are typically higher than in the second and third quarters. In Latin America, sales in the third and fourth quarters of each year are typically higher than in the first and second quarters.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash of $248.5 million and $99.1 million was used in operating activities in the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In both years, cash was used principally due to increases in inventories, trade accounts receivable and amounts due from affiliates, offset in 1996 by increases in accounts payable. In 1997, cash was also used to lower accounts payable and accrued expenses. Net cash used in investing activities in 1997 and 1996 included $19.5 million and $11.6 million, respectively, related to fixed asset additions. In addition, $201.5 million and $26.9 million were used in acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Net cash of $507.2 million and $163.3 million was provided by financing activities in the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, due principally to proceeds of equity public offerings totalling $428.2 million in 1997 and $50.6 million in 1996. Furthermore, net borrowings from banks totalled $74.7 million and $112.5 million in the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.

Certain of the Company's United States based subsidiaries are parties to a Loan and Security Agreement providing for revolving credit advances and the issuance of letters of credit against eligible accounts receivable and inventory up to a maximum of $60 million. Amounts outstanding bear interest, at the election of the borrowers, at either a variable market rate based on the prime rate of the lender or LIBOR. The agreement limits the ability of the borrowers to pay dividends to the Company. The agreement matures in October 1999 and is secured by a lien on essentially all of the borrowers' assets. The agreement contains certain restrictive covenants. During November and December 1997, the borrowers were in violation of requirements to deposit receipts in specified accounts. The lender has waived these violations. The Company has guaranteed this indebtedness.

The Company's subsidiaries typically enter into revolving credit agreements with financial institutions in their countries of operations. At December 31, 1997, the aggregate amount available under these agreements was $445.4 million and $348.3 million was then outstanding. Such agreements are usually for a term of one year and are secured by the receivables of the borrower. The weighted average interest rate at December 31, 1997 was 7.3. The Company typically guarantees these loans. The Company has also guaranteed the obligations of certain of its subsidiaries to manufacturers.

The Company derives all of its operating income and cash flow from its subsidiaries and relies on payments from, and intercompany borrowings with, its subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet its obligations. In certain countries, exchange controls may limit the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to make payments to the Company. Restrictions in financing or credit arrangements may also limit access to such earnings. Certain of the Company's subsidiaries are parties to financing agreements that limit the ability of such subsidiaries to make payments to the Company. In the year ended December 31, 1997, the contribution of such subsidiaries to the Company's consolidated EBITDA was 16.6. Claims of creditors of the Company's subsidiaries will generally have priority as to the assets and cash flow of such subsidiaries over the claims of the Company or its creditors. See Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company has completed a risk assessment of the ability of its information systems to operate in light of the "year 2000 problem." Based on the assessment, the Company has developed an action plan, which principally consists of replacing existing non-compliant systems with new systems. The Company believes it is feasible to acquire such new systems before the year 2000 and that the cost of such systems are within its capital cost budget and financing capabilities.

The Company's principal need for additional cash in 1998 will be for the purchase of additional inventory to support growth and to take greater advantage of available cash discounts offered by certain of the Company's vendors for early payment and to pay amounts due to sellers of businesses. The Company anticipates funding this cash requirement partially through an offering of $200 million of Senior Notes due 2005 ("Note Offering"), its subsidiaries' existing bank credit lines and through additional credit facilities, but there can be no assurance that financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company. The unavailability of such financing could adversely affect the growth of the Company. The Notes will be sold in a Rule 144A and Regulation S private offering.

Inflation

The Company operates in certain countries that have experienced high rates of inflation and hyperinflation. However, inflation did not have any meaningful impact on the Company's results of operations during the year ended December 31, 1997 nor during the three-year period ended December 31, 1997, and the Company does not expect that it will have a material impact during 1998.

Asset Management

Inventory. The Company's goal is to achieve high inventory turns and maintain a low number of SKUs and thereby reduce the Company's working capital requirements and improve return on equity. The Company's strategy to achieve this goal is to both manage its inventory effectively and achieve high order fill rates.

To reduce the risk of loss to the Company due to vendor price reductions and slow moving or obsolete inventory, the Company's contracts with its vendors generally provide price protection and stock rotation privileges, subject to certain limitations. Price protection allows the Company to offset the accounts payable owed to a particular vendor if such vendor reduces the price of products the Company has purchased within a specified period of time and which remain in inventory. Stock rotation permits the Company to return to the vendor for full credit, with an offsetting purchase order for new products, predetermined amounts of inventory purchased within a specified period of time. Such credit is typically used to offset existing invoices due without incurring re-stocking fees.

Accounts Receivable. The Company manages its accounts receivable to balance the needs of its customers to purchase on credit with its desire to minimize its credit losses. Bad debt expense as a percentage of the Company's net sales for each of the years ended 1996 and 1997 was 0.2. The Company's credit losses have been minimized by its extensive credit approval process and the use of credit insurance and factoring by its Western European subsidiaries. In its sales to customers in Latin America, the Company often receives post-dated checks at the time of sale. Customers who qualify for credit are typically granted payment terms appropriate to the customs of each country.

Currency Risk Management

Functional Currency. The Company's functional currency, as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 52, is the United States dollar. Most of the Company's subsidiaries use their respective local currencies as their functional currency and translate assets and liabilities using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and results of operations using the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Translation effects are reflected in the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment in equity. The Company's exposure under these translation rules, which is unhedged, may affect the carrying value of its foreign net assets and therefore its equity and net tangible book value, but not its net income or cash flow. Exchange differences arising from transactions and balances in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded as expense or income in the subsidiaries and the Company and affect the Statements of Earnings.

Hedging and Currency Management Activities. The Company attempts to limit its risk of currency fluctuations through hedging where possible. In the year ended December 31, 1997, a significant amount of the purchases of products by the Company were made in United States dollars and approximately 88 of Company sales were made in currencies other than the United States dollar. The primary currencies in which sales were made were the German mark (29 of sales), the French franc (10) and the British pound (9). At December 31, 1997, approximately $271.6 million of accounts payable were attributable to foreign currency liabilities denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries' functional currencies. Of these, $229.3 million were denominated in United States dollars and $26.2 million were denominated in German marks. Approximately 39 of these liabilities were unhedged. The most significant unhedged amounts were recorded in Czechian korunas ($24.7 million), Hong Kong dollars ($21.7 million), Polish zlotys ($14.2 million), Argentine pesos ($13.6 million), and Mexican pesos ($10.6 million).

CHS Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, engages in central treasury functions including hedging activities related to foreign currency for the Company and short-term working capital loans to the Company's subsidiaries to enable them to take advantage of early payment discounts offered by certain vendors. These loans are denominated in the functional currency of the borrowing subsidiary or United States dollars. Generally, CHS Finance hedges its receivables denominated in currencies other than its functional currency, the Swiss franc. It attempts to limit the amount of unhedged receivables to an amount which approximates the total unhedged liabilities. The Company intends to review this policy periodically and may modify it in the future.

Through both hedging activities coordinated by CHS Finance and subsidiary hedging activities, the Company makes forward purchases of United States dollars in an attempt to hedge certain European currencies and reduce exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. Additionally, in certain countries in Eastern Europe and in Latin America where it is not practical to make forward purchases, to minimize exposure to currency devaluations, the Company has adopted a policy of attempting to match accounts receivable with accounts payable and to limit holdings of local currencies. In these countries, the Company attempts to sell products at the United States dollar equivalent rate. Factors which affect exchange rates are varied and no reliable prediction methods are available for definitively determining future exchange rates. In general, countries make an effort to maintain stability in rates for trade purposes. There can be no assurance that these asset management programs will be effective in limiting the Company's exposure to these risks.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 130, "Comprehensive Income", in June 1997. SFAS No. 130 requires that changes in the amounts of items that bypass the income statement and are only reported within a balance in shareholders' equity be included in a separate financial statement. The only item that qualifies as a component of comprehensive income currently bypassing the statement of income is the foreign currency translation adjustment. SFAS No. 130 becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company believes that the adoption of this standard will not have an effect on the Company's financial position or result of operations.

Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low closing sales prices of the Company's Common Stock (symbol: CHSE) from January 1, 1996 through June 6, 1996 on the Nasdaq Small-Cap Market and thereafter on the Nasdaq National Market. The Company effected a one-for-two reverse stock split on March 14, 1996. On September 15, 1997, the Company effected a three-for-two forward split for all shareholders of record as of September 2, 1997. All prior amounts have been adjusted to reflect the effects of such splits. Such prices are based on inter-dealer bid and asked prices, without markup, markdown, commissions, or adjustments and may not represent actual transactions.

Fiscal Year Period Historic Prices
High Low
1997 First Quarter $16.08 $10.33
Second Quarter 17.75 11.50
Third Quarter 29.75 17.21
Fourth Quarter 30.75 14.75
1996 First Quarter $11.00  $5.33
Second Quarter 12.33 6.58
Third Quarter 9.67 6.67
Fourth Quarter 13.00 6.83

The last reported sale price of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market on March 23, 1998 was $18.25 per share. As of March 23, 1998, the outstanding Common Stock was held of record by 343 shareholders. The Company believes that it has in excess of 400 beneficial owners.

The Company has never paid cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future, but intends instead to retain any future earnings for reinvestment in its business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the Company's financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources." Title

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31,
1997 1996
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
  Cash $68,806 $35,137
  Accounts receivable:
    Trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $18,347 in 1997 and $14,830 in 1996 659,757 340,098 
    Affiliates 24,604 3,241 
684,361 343,339
  Inventories 693,503 321,770
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets 65,255 39,374 
      Total current assets 1,511,925 739,620 
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 61,468 30,947 
COST IN EXCESS OF ASSETS ACQUIRED, NET 381,830 78,780 
OTHER ASSETS 13,599 12,602 
$1,968,822 $861,949
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
  Notes payable $309,510 $155,932 
  Accounts payable, trade 771,535 452,569 
  Accrued liabilities 83,309 44,873 
  Amounts due to sellers under acquisition agreements 54,866 49,200 
  Income taxes payable 12,711 5,120 
  Deferred income taxes 1,223 420 
      Total current liabilities 1,233,154 708,114 
LONG TERM DEBT 61,556 45,327 
MINORITY INTEREST 6,348 3,975 
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
  Preferred stock, authorized 5,000,000 shares; 0 shares outstanding -- -- 
  Common stock, authorized 100,000,000 shares at $.001 par value; oustanding
48,910,999 shares at December 31, 1997 and 18,600,576 shares at December 31, 1996
49 19 
  Additional paid-in capital 621,021 92,843
  Retained earnings 65,115 16,724
  Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment  (18,421) (5,053) 
      TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY  667,764 104,533
$1,968,822 $861,949
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

 
Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995 
Net sales (including sales to affiliates of $21,063 in 1995) $4,756,383 $1,855,540  $936,703
Cost of goods sold  4,409,714 1,724,432 868,716 
    Gross profit 346,669 131,108 67,987
Operating expenses  257,508 102,235 57,188 
    Operating income 89,161 28,873 10,799
Other (income) expense:
  Interest income (11,470) (3,199)  (1,757)
  Interest expense  35,618 11,712  6,454
24,148 8,513  4,697
    Earnings before income taxes and minority interest in subsidiaries 65,013 20,360  6,102
Income taxes 13,988 6,086  1,797
Minority interest in subsidiaries  2,634 2,108  --
    Net earnings $48,391 $12,166  $4,305
Net earnings per common share--basic $1.44 $.80 $.41
Net earnings per common share--diluted $1.32 $.78 $.37
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Three Years Ended December 31, 1997
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Deferred
Compensation
Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Total
Balance at January 1, 1995 $7 $19,625 $253 $(138) $123 $19,870
Adjustment 3 for 2 forward stock split 3 (3) -- -- -- -- 
Deferred compensation recognized -- -- -- 138 -- 138 
Issuance of common stock in acquisitions 1 5,351 -- -- -- 5,352 
Net earnings -- -- 4,305  --  -- 4,305
Foreign currency translation adjustment  -- --  --  --  227  227 
Balance at December 31, 1995 11 24,973 4,558 -- 350 29,892
Common stock or other consideration issued in acquisitions (Note B) -- 16,982 -- -- -- 16,982 
Common stock issued in public offering 7 50,607 -- -- -- 50,614 
Stock options exercised 1 281 -- -- -- 282 
Net earnings -- -- 12,166 -- -- 12,166
Foreign currency translation adjustment  -- --  --  --  (5,403)  (5,403) 
Balance at December 31, 1996 19 92,843 16,724 -- (5,053) 104,533
Common stock issued in acquisitions (Note B) 8 95,720 -- -- -- 95,728
Common stock issued in public offering  21 428,195 -- -- -- 428,216
Stock options exercised 1 4,263 -- -- -- 4,264
Net earnings -- -- 48,391 -- -- 48,391
Foreign currency translation adjustment -- -- -- -- (13,368) (13,368)
Balance at December 31, 1997 $49 $621,021 $65,115 $-- $(18,421) $667,764
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
Increase in cash and cash equivalents:
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings $48,391 $12,166 $4,305
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash (used in) operating activities:
  Depreciation and amortization 21,789 6,632  2,456
  Deferred compensation amortized -- --  148
  Minority interest in net earnings 2,634 2,108  --
  Changes in assets and liabilities excluding effects of acquisitions:
    Accounts receivable--trade, net (121,163) (118,694) (37,724)
    Accounts receivable--affiliates, net (21,363) (2,398) (12,285)
    Inventories (139,923) (129,357) (32,204)
    Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5,404 (22,345)  (1,742)
    Accounts payable, trade (10,773) 173,244  51,818
    Accrued liabilities and income taxes  (33,511) (20,481)  3,175
  Net cash (used in) operating activities (248,515) (99,125)  (22,053)
Cash flows from investing activities:
    Purchase of fixed assets (19,511) (11,624)  (6,866)
    Cash provided from (used in) acquisitions, net  (201,517) (26,876) 1,317 
  Net cash (used in) investing activities (221,028) (38,500)  (5,549)
Cash flows from financing activities:
    Proceeds from public offering 428,216 50,614  --
    Proceeds from stock options exercised 4,263 281  --
    Net borrowing from banks  74,699 112,453  29,855 
  Net cash provided by financing activities 507,178 163,348 29,855
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (3,966) (1,757)  550
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 33,669 23,966  2,803
Cash at beginning of year  35,137 11,171  8,368
Cash at end of year $68,806 $35,137 $11,171
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
  Cash paid during the period for:
    Interest $30,454 $10,064 $4,944
    Income taxes $10,585 $3,892 $1,753
Non cash investing and financing activities:
These statements of cash flows do not include non-cash investing and financing transactions associated with the common stock issued for various acquisitions. The components of the transactions in each year are as follows:
Fair value of assets acquired including cash acquired $689,550 $14,691 $19,216
Less: Common stock or other consideration issued  232,748 3,278  7,152
Liabilities assumed $456,802 $11,413  $12,064
In 1996, $13.7 million was credited to additional paid-in capital representing additional consideration paid by Comtrad, Inc. under acquisition agreements for subsidiaries now held by the Company. In 1995, a $5.2 million reduction in receivable from affiliate was charged to additional paid-in capital.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. Title

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note A--Summary of Accounting Policies

1. Nature of Operations

The Company is an international distributor of computer equipment, peripherals and software. The products are sold, principally to resellers, primarily in Western Europe, South America and Eastern Europe.

2. Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, wholly owned and majority owned. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

3. Foreign Currency Translation

For purposes of preparation of its financial statements, the Company uses local currencies as the functional currencies except in highly inflationary countries. For subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of the year. Revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rate during the year. The aggregate effect of translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries is included in a separate component of shareholders' equity entitled cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. In the normal course of business, the Company advances funds to certain of its foreign subsidiaries, which are not expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future. Translation adjustments resulting from these advances are included in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. For entities in highly inflationary countries, the U.S. dollar is considered the functional currency and a combination of current and historical rates are used in translating assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The related exchange adjustments are included in earnings.

4. Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

5. Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company's credit risk on trade receivables is diversified over a wide geographic area and many customers. The largest customer accounts for less than 1 of sales. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers. In South America, the Company obtains guarantees from its customers in some cases. The Company uses credit insurance in several locations (covering $281 million in receivables at December 31, 1997) and factoring without recourse in other locations to mitigate risk. The Company provides for estimated credit losses at time of sale based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information.

6. Inventories

Inventories, consisting of finished products, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined principally by current replacement cost, which approximates the first-in first-out method.

7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided for in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives. Leasehold improvements and capital leases are amortized over the lives of respective leases or the service lives of the improvements whichever is shorter.

The straight-line and accelerated methods of depreciation are followed for financial reporting purposes. The useful lives are as follows:

Years
Buildings 30-50
Leasehold improvements 3-7 
Computer equipment 2-5
Office equipment and furniture 3-10

Expenditures for renewals and improvements that significantly extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. The costs of software used in business operations are capitalized and amortized over their expected useful lives. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations when incurred. When assets are sold or retired, the cost of the asset and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is recognized at such time.

8. Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Under the liability method specified by SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured by the current enacted tax rates which will be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax expense is the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company intends to invest the undistributed earnings of substantially all of its foreign subsidiaries indefinitely. At December 31, 1997 and 1996, the cumulative amount of undistributed earnings on which the Company has not recognized United States income taxes was approximately $53 million and $13 million, respectively. However, it is anticipated that United States income taxes on such amounts would be partially offset by available foreign income tax credits.

9. Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes sales upon shipment, as there is no significant post-sale obligation and collectibility is reasonably assured. Income from vendor rebates, discounts, and cooperative advertising is recognized when earned, as a reduction of the cost of inventory sold or as a reduction of operating expenses.

10. Cost in Excess of Assets Acquired, Net

The cost in excess of assets acquired is being amortized to earnings over a 20 year period on a straight-line basis. The Company evaluates its goodwill in accordance with SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of," to determine potential impairment by comparing the carrying value to undiscounted future cash flows of the related assets. The Company modifies or adjusts the value of a subsidiary's goodwill if an impairment is indicated by the difference between the undiscounted cash flows and the carrying value. The Company considers a history of operating losses to be a primary indicator of potential impairment. Assets are grouped and evaluated for impairment at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of cash flows of other groups of assets. Assets are generally grouped at the country level of operations. The Company deems an asset to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted future operating cash flows directly related to the asset, including disposal value if any, is less than its carrying amount. All of the Company's goodwill is identified with the assets acquired and falls under the scope of SFAS No. 121. Accumulated amortization was $10.8 million and $2.2 million at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.

11. Earnings per Common Share

The Company has adopted SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share. In accordance with this statement, basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted averaged number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earning per share includes the dilution caused by common stock options and the shares that would be issued in existing earn outs based upon applying the earn out multiple to annualized actual earnings and dividing by the market price at period end. The weighted average number of shares for basic earnings per share was 33,527,256, 15,243,672, and 10,618,183 in 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively. The weighted average number of shares used in the diluted computation was 36,592,368, 15,656,178, and 11,521,859 in 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively. All share and per share information has been restated for a three to two stock split effective in September 1997.

The following table illustrates the reconciliation of the income and weighted average number of shares of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations (amounts in thousands, except per share mounts):

Year Ended December 31, 1997
Net
Earnings
Weighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
Net earnings $48,391 -- --
Net earnings per share--basic 48,391 33,527 $1.44
Effect of dilutive shares:
Stock options outstanding -- 1,434 --
Earnout contingencies -- 1,631 --
    Net earnings per share--diluted $48,391 36,592 $1.32

 
Year Ended December 31, 1996
Net
Earnings
Weighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amount
Net earnings $12,166 -- --
Net earnings per share--basic 12,166 15,244 $.80
Effect of dilutive shares:
Stock options outstanding -- 412 --
    Net earnings per share--diluted $12,166 15,656 $.78

 
Year Ended December 31, 1995
Net
Earnings
Weighted
Average
Shares
Per Share
Amounts
Net earnings $4,305 -- --
Net earnings per share--basic 4,305 10,618 $.41
Effect of dilutive shares:
Stock options outstanding -- 904 --
    Net earnings per share--diluted $4,305 11,522 $.37

12. Stock Options

Options granted under the Company's 1994 Stock Option Plan, the 1996 and 1997 Chief Executive Officer stock option plans and the 1996 Directors and Officers stock option plan are accounted for under APB Opinion 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. As to grants requiring shareholder approval, the Company considers the date of grant to be the date of action by the Board of Directors when, on such date, shareholder approval is deemed to be perfunctory.

13. Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Note B--Acquisitions

In 1997 the Company made 15 acquisitions, of which three were significant. On October 3, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of Santech Micro Group ASA ("Santech"), pursuant to which it acquired 97.4 of the capital stock of Santech for approximately $125 million. The Company expects to acquire the remainder of the shares at the same per share price. Santech is the largest distributor of microcomputer products in Scandinavia with operations in Norway, Sweden and Denmark and had revenues of $718 million in 1996. Santech distributes the products of the same vendors as other subsidiaries of the Company. The acquisition of Santech has been accounted for under the purchase method and, accordingly the results of Santech have been included in the consolidated operating results since the date of acquisition. The acquisition of Santech resulted in the recognition of $109.1 million of goodwill.

Santech's operating results during 1996 and 1997 were adversely impacted as a result of restructuring its operations after a July 1996 merger. Operating results were also impacted adversely by the implementation of a new computer system in the first six months of 1997. The adverse impact included costs associated with reduction in the number of its product lines and the number of employees from 450 to 320. The Company believes that these factors have been addressed and that these issues should not have a material adverse impact on Santech's or the Company's future operations.

On August 4, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of Karma International S.A. ("Karma"). Karma is a distributor of personal computer components to over 10,000 customers in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. The purchase price for Karma was $160 million and was funded through (i) $74 million in cash and (ii) 4,813,432 shares of unregistered Common Stock. Karma's product line includes mass storage products, CPUs, memory chips, motherboards, sound, video and other cards and monitors. Karma operates in 18 countries through 28 offices in Europe, the Middle East Asisa. Karma had net sales of approximately $700 million in 1996. Karma existing management continues to operate Karma as a subsidiary of CHS. One representative of Karma was elected to the Board of Directors of CHS with an additional member to be nominated in 1998. The acquisition of Karma has been accounted for under the purchase method and, accordingly the results of Karma have been included in the consolidated operating results since the date of acquisition. The acquisition of Karma resulted in the recognition of $123.0 million of goodwill.

On March 20, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of Frank & Walter Computer GmbH ("Frank & Walter") for 3,300,000 unregistered shares of Common Stock. Frank & Walter had net sales of approximately $686 million in 1996. The results of operations of Frank & Walter have been included in the Company's financial statements since January 1, 1997. The Company believes that Frank & Walter was, at the time of acquisition, the fourth largest computer distributor in Germany with over 10,000 active dealers. As a result of this acquisition, the Company believes it is the largest distributor of microcomputer products in Germany. Carsten Frank, the founder of Frank & Walter, became a director of CHS and initially became the CHS executive vice president responsible for the Company's European operations. The acquisition of Frank & Walter has been accounted for under the purchase method and, accordingly the results of Frank & Walter have been included in the consolidated operating results since the date of acquisition. The amounts preliminarily allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted in a recognition of $27.6 million of goodwill. During 1997 an appraisal of certain acquired assets was performed. As a result of the appraisal, goodwill was decreased by $1.0 million.

The Company completed other acquisitions during 1997 which were considered not to be significant. Such acquisitions have been accounted for under the purchase method and accordingly, the results of such acquired entities have been included in the consolidated operating results since their acquisition dates.

In 1996 the Company acquired eighteen companies in as many countries. The largest acquisition was of seven companies comprising the European and Latin American businesses of a competitor, Merisel, Inc. ("Merisel"). These seven companies were acquired for cash and debt assumptions. The total consideration paid was approximately $148 million consisting of $30 million of cash and $118 million of debt assumed or refinanced. The Company financed the acquisition primarily through borrowing or factoring at each subsidiary acquired. Approximately $11 million was owed to Merisel at December 31, 1996. The acquisition has been accounted for as a purchase, effective as of September 30, 1996. Therefore, operations of these companies are included only in the 1996 fourth quarter. The cost of the acquisition has been allocated to the assets acquired based on their fair values. This initially resulted in approximately $10.5 million of goodwill. In the second and third quarters of 1997, certain reserves initially established were determined not to be required, resulting in a reduction of goodwill to $4.6 million.

The Company has now completed the consolidation of the former Merisel and CHS operations in the five countries where each had operations. The Company accrued approximately $12.8 million for the consolidation activities. The reserve consists of severance costs--$.4 million, lease termination--$4.1 million, writeoff of leasehold improvements and computer systems--$4.9 million, and accounts receivable and other costs--$3.4 million. Through December 31, 1997, $8.8 million has been charged against this reserve. The Company's original intent to dispose of the former Merisel warehouse located in the Netherlands has been revised as a result of the Karma acquisition and the Company now intends to relocate Karma's existing warehouse in the Netherlands to the former Merisel warehouse.

In June 1996, the Company acquired 100 of an unaffiliated company in Russia for consideration based on a multiple of that company's net income in 1996. The acquisition was initially recorded at no consideration, which approximated the value of net assets acquired. Subsequently, the agreement was modified to measure the value of the Company based 50 on 1996 results and 50 on 1997 results. The 1996 portion is payable in cash and was paid in 1997 and the 1997 portion is payable in cash or stock at the seller's option. In 1997 and 1996, $25.3 million and $20.6 million, respectively, was recorded as purchase price and goodwill.

In April 1996, the Company acquired 100 of an unaffiliated company in Switzerland for consideration based on the acquired company's results in 1996. The consideration was based on a multiple of 1996 net earnings but not less than $1.7 million. The acquisition was initially recorded at $1.7 million resulting in no goodwill. Subsequently, the agreement was modified to base the price on results through September 30, 1996. In the 1996 fourth quarter, 274,855 shares of common stock were issued and goodwill of $870,000 was recorded.

In March 1996, the Company acquired six companies from Comtrad, Inc., an affiliate, for a reduction of indebtedness of $7.8 million. These acquisitions have been accounted for as an exchange between entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. Accordingly, these acquisitions have been included in the accompanying financial statements from the date acquired by Comtrad. The companies in Bulgaria, Croatia, Lithuania and Romania were started by Comtrad in 1993 and 1994 for a minimal investment and have insignificant operations. They are treated as if Comtrad acquired them on December 31, 1994. Sixty-five percent of a company in Slovakia was acquired in early 1994 for a minimal investment and 1994 results were insignificant. The remaining 35 was acquired by Comtrad for a contingent payment in shares of common stock to be based on 1996 results. This acquisition has been recorded as of December 31, 1994 based on the cost of the 65 interest acquired with the remaining cost to be recorded as goodwill when known. The contingent amount, which was insignificant, was recorded in 1997. Comtrad acquired the Brazil company in November 1994 for Comtrad common shares valued at $762,000. The acquisition was recorded by the Company as of December 31, 1994 at this value, resulting in goodwill of $2.5 million. An additional amount of $240,000 was paid by Comtrad in 1996 to complete its acquisition of this company, which had the effect of increasing goodwill to $2.8 million.

In February 1996, the Company acquired 51 of an unaffiliated company in Hungary for consideration based on 51 of the book value of equity at December 31, 1996 plus a multiple of 51 of 1996 net earnings. Based on 1996 results, the purchase price was fixed at $17.6 million resulting in goodwill of $15.8 million. The sellers elected to receive the proceeds in cash rather than stock. In the second quarter of 1997 the agreement was modified to measure the value of the company based 75 on 1996 results and 25 on 1997 results. The 1996 amount was paid in 1997. As a result, goodwill in 1996 was reduced by $3.8 million. The 1997 amount, estimated at $5.6 million, was recorded in 1997 and increased goodwill.

In 1995, the Company acquired nine companies in as many countries. Eight of these were acquired from Comtrad Holdings, Inc. ("CHI") or Comtrad (a wholly owned subsidiary of CHI) and have been accounted for as an exchange between entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. Accordingly, these acquisitions have been included in the accompanying financial statements from the date acquired by Comtrad or CHI. The acquisition of the company in the Czech Republic was partially (16) from Comtrad and partially from an individual. The portion from Comtrad was valued at Comtrad's basis of $758,000. The portion purchased from the unrelated individual has been accounted for as a purchase. Results of the remaining 84 of the Czech Republic company have been included in the accompanying financial statements from October 1, 1995.

Information about the pooled acquisitions is shown below:
 
 

Company Service Area Consideration CHS
Acquisition Date
Comtrad or CHI
Acquisition Date
CHS England United Kingdom 2,625,000 
shares 
April 1995 September 1994
CHS France France April 1995 September 1994
CHS Belgium Belgium April 1995 September 1994
CHS Portugal Portugal April 1995 January 1993
CHS BEK South America 431,250 shares October 1995 July 1995
CHS Czechia (16) Czech Republic 138,000 shares October 1995 January 1993
CHS Finland Finland $2,300,000 December 1995 July 1995
CHS Sweden Sweden $2,400,000 December 1995 July 1995
CHS ABC Data Poland $2,300,000 December 1995 November 1995

The Company acquired 84 of the Czech Republic company from an individual by issuing 483,000 shares which were valued at their market value of $3,246,000. This produced goodwill of $2.4 million.

The following represents the unaudited pro forma results of operations assuming all significant 1997 and 1996 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 1996 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996
(in thousands, except per share data)
Sales $5,708,679 $4,996,399
Net earnings 19,553 2,295 
Net earnings per share--basic $.47 $.07 
Net earnings per share--diluted $.44 $.07

Pro forma adjustments have been made to eliminate non-recurring loss in the operations acquired from Merisel and to add goodwill amortization and interest expense on the amounts payable to selling stockholders at 7.5. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operation that would have occurred had the acquisitions taken place on January 1, 1996, or of results which may occur in the future.

Note C--Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
(in thousands) 
Allowance for
doubtful accounts:
  Beginning balance $14,830 $4,388 $3,358
  Provision for bad debt 11,636 3,412 3,035
  Write-offs (14,162) (3,775) (2,161)
  Acquired through acquisition  6,043 10,805  156
  Ending balance $18,347 $14,830 $4,388

Note D--Property and Equipment

December 31,
1997 1996
(in thousands) 
Land and buildings $19,358 $3,167
Furniture and fixtures 22,047 15,126
Leasehold improvements 7,330 4,914 
Computers and office equipment 43,470 25,000 
Vehicles and other 3,497 5,414 
95,702 53,621
Less accumulated depreciation
and amortization 
34,234 22,674
$61,468 $30,947

Note E--Income Taxes

The components of earnings before income taxes and minority interest in subsidiaries consist of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
(in thousands)
Domestic $3,450 $1,361 $741
Foreign  61,563 18,999 5,361
Total $65,013 $20,360 $6,102

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
 

Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
(in thousands) 
Current:
  U.S Federal $2,243 $1,721 $525
  U.S. State 329 228 41
  Foreign 8,493 4,520 1,357 
11,065 6,469 1,923 
Deferred:
  U.S Federal (569) (258) 67
  U.S. State (92) (47) 5
  Foreign  3,584 (78) (198) 
2,923 (383) (126)
      Total $13,988 $6,086 $1,797

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following:
 

December 31,
1997 1996
(in thousands) 
Net operating losses of
foreign subsidiaries
$16,839 $11,405
Employee compensation not
currently deductible
-- 131
Inventory differences (7,424) (3,009) 
Allowances for bad debts 1,115 1,788 
Accruals not currently deductible 1,896 305 
Other  27 (34)
12,453 10,586 
Valuation allowance (13,676) (11,006)
    Total $(1,223) $(420)

The major elements contributing to the difference between taxes at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate are as follows:
 

Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
(in thousands) 
Income taxes at the United States statutory rate $22,104 $6,922 $2,070
Foreign income subject to tax at other than statutory rate (15,690) (1,356) (212)
State or local income taxes, less effect of federal benefits 156 168 55
Losses without tax benefit 5,127 1,329 613
Goodwill amortization 2,834 255 190
Utilizations of net operating losses of foreign subsidiaries (759) (1,196) (826)
Other 216 (36)  (93) 
Income taxes at the effective tax rate $13,988 $6,086 $1,797

At December 31, 1997, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards in certain foreign jurisdictions that expire as follows:
 

2001 $4,474,000
2002 1,140,000
Thereafter 14,730,000
No expiration date 30,436,000
    Total $50,780,000

In assessing the realization of net operating loss carryforwards, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of these net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. The ultimate realization of these net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets are dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods prior to the expiration of the operating loss carryforwards. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the operating loss carryforward periods, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will not realize the benefits of all of these net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established since the full realization of such benefits was not likely. Subsequently recognized tax benefits relating to the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 1997 will be allocated to income from continuing operations or goodwill.

Note F--Notes Payable and Long Term Debt

Several of the Company's subsidiaries have short-term credit lines with local banks. As of December 31, 1997, the aggregate amount available under these agreements was $385.4 million, and $302.0 million was outstanding under these facilities. Generally, borrowings under such lines are collateralized by receivables or inventory. The lines are principally of one year duration and are renewable by the banks. Some of these lines contain restrictions on dividends to the parent company. In 1997, the maximum and average amounts outstanding were $395.2 million and $289.2 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rate at December 31, 1997 was 7.3.

The Company's long-term debt consists of the following:

December 31,
1997 1996
(in thousands) 
Two subsidiaries serving Latin America share a $60 million revolving credit agreement with a financial institution. The agreement, which expires October 1999, provides for advances and letters of credit based upon eligible accounts receivable and inventories. Interest is at a variable market rate based on the prime rate of the lender or LIBOR, at the borrower's option. All of the the borrowers' assets, including accounts receivable and inventories totaling $89.6 million at December 31, 1997, are pledged as collateral. The agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, including limitations on transactions with affiliated companies and employee loans. The agreement also limits the ability of these companies to pay dividends to the Company to 50 of the borrowers' net income. $46,286 $34,374
Capitalized leases, collateralized by computer equipment, bearing interest ranging from 5 to 16 with maturities through September, 2002. 10,983 10,626
Mortgages on buildings, interest ranging from 5.9 to 9.0, with maturities through 2009, collateralized by a building with net book value at December 31, 1997 of $14.6 million.  6,114 2,455 
Other notes, bearing interest of 5.9 at December 31, 1997, collateralized by inventories and accounts receivable totaling $54.9 million at December 31, 1997 5,204 --
Other debt 494 --
Total 69,081 47,455
Less current portion of long-term debt, included in notes payable 7,515 2,128
Total long-term debt $61,556 $45,327

During November and December 1997, the borrowers were in violation of requirements to deposit funds in specific accounts pursuant to the $60 million revolving credit agreement. The lender has waived these violations.

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):
 

Year ending December 31,
1998 $7,515
1999  51,795
2000  5,095
2001 2,858
2002 968
Thereafter 844

Note G--Concentrations

The Company's operations are substantially all outside the United States. In 1997, the largest amount of sales occurred in Germany, which comprised 29 of total sales. The Company also had sales of almost 9 in each of France and England. While these countries are considered politically stable, there is risk that economic difficulties in any of these countries could adversely affect the Company's business. The Company also has operations in less politically stable countries.

Most of the Company's sales are made in local currencies other than the U.S. dollar in 1997. The largest amounts of sales were in German marks (29), French francs (10) and British pounds (9). In some countries, certain purchases and the resulting payables are in currencies (principally the U.S. dollar) different than the functional currency. Further, certain subsidiaries have loans receivable or payable denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Transaction gains and losses on these receivables and liabilities are included in the determination of earnings for the relevant periods. In 1997, 1996 and 1995 foreign currency gains were $1,219,000, $1,559,000 and $74,000, respectively.

The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts to hedge groups of foreign currency transactions on a continuing basis for periods consistent with its committed exposure. The foreign exchange contracts are valued at market and generally have maturities which do not exceed six months. Gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts are intended to offset losses and gains on assets, liabilities and transactions being hedged. As a result, the Company does not anticipate any material adverse effect due to exchange rate movements over the short term period covered by these contracts. At December 31, 1997, the face value of foreign exchange forward contracts against trade payables was $104.9 million, which approximated the fair market value of the contracts. At December 31, 1997, approximately $271.6 million of accounts payable were attributable to foreign currency liabilities denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries' functional currencies (principally $229.3 million in U.S. dollars and $26.2 million in German marks). The largest unhedged amounts of trade payables were in subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Czech Republic, Poland, Argentina and Mexico.

In some countries there are risks of continuing periodic devaluations or of large devaluations. In these countries, no hedging mechanism exists. The Company has risks in these countries that such devaluations could cause economic loss and negatively impact future sales since its product cost would increase in local terms after such devaluations. The Company attempts to limit its economic loss through structural mechanisms of limiting its holdings of local currency and receivables to the amount of its local currency payables.

The Company has a major supplier, Hewlett-Packard (HP), whose products accounted for 19, 34, and 35 and of sales for 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. No other vendor accounted for more than 10 of sales in any year except in 1996, in which one vendor was 12. HP has the right to terminate its distribution agreement with any Company subsidiary if the subsidiary is unable to cure, within a reasonable period of time, any violation of the agreement after having received notice from HP of the violation. Each Company subsidiary has the right to terminate the HP agreement on 90 days notice. Each Company subsidiary believes that its relationship with HP is good, and has no reason to believe that its distribution arrangement will not be a long-term relationship. No assurance can be given, however, that HP will renew each Company subsidiary's agreement at the time of its annual review or in subsequent years. Management has not formulated alternative plans of action in the event the HP contracts are terminated. The amounts outstanding to HP at December 31, 1997 and 1996 were $80 million and $70 million, respectively.

Note H--Lease Obligations and Other Contingencies

The Company leases equipment, offices, sales and warehouse space under non-cancelable leases. The following is a schedule by years of the minimum rental commitments remaining on leased property and equipment (in thousands) with terms greater than one year:
Year Ending
December 31,
Total
    1998 $12,416
    1999 12,489
    2000  11,625
    2001 10,837
    2002 4,305
Subsequent years 7,716

Total rental expense was $14,542,000, $6,715,000 and $2,503,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.

Rental expense includes approximately $734,000 annually for monthly rent due on a CHS facility in Germany under a lease agreement dated November 1993 with a term of 17 years. CHS Germany has the option to purchase the leased property at both the end of the seventh year of the lease term, and at the end of the lease, for the net book value of the property as calculated under applicable German tax laws. The option prices at the end of the seventh and seventeenth year would approximate $5.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively. In addition, the lessor has the right to adjust the minimum rental payments at the end of 1999 if certain economic conditions prevail.

The Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company is not currently engaged in any legal proceedings that are expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Note I--Related Party Transactions

A member of the Board of Directors and shareholder of the Company also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of a company which supplies product to the Company. This Company also has ownership interests in other companies which do business with the Company. Transactions with these related parties in 1997 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Sales to such related parties $102,724
Purchases from such related parties $57,376
Commissions paid to such related parties $10,116
Rebates received from such related parties $11,163

The rebates received pertain to vendor rebates passed from such related parties to the Company. The net amount of trade receivable due from such parties at December 31, 1997 was $12,193,000.

At December 31, 1997 and 1996, the Company carried a receivable from Comtrad and Comtrad Holdings, Inc. (CHI) in an amount of $17.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively. In 1997 this receivable is in the form of a promissory note which Comtrad and CHI has agreed to collateralize with 5,487,203 shares of CHS owned by Comtrad and CHI. Interest rate charged on the promissory note is at prime rate. The amount is due on demand. Interest charged to Comtrad was $684,000, $86,000 and $438,000 in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. In 1995 the Company owed amounts to Comtrad which were subsequently extinguished. Interest paid to Comtrad was $126,000 in 1995.

In 1996, the Company purchased a company in Romania from Comtrad for $375,000. Subsequently, the Company loaned $800,000 to the subsidiary to enable it to purchase an office building. In December 1996, the Company sold this subsidiary back to Comtrad for the original purchase price plus an amount equal to the losses from April 1996 to date of sale ($200,000). No gain was recognized on the sale, which had the impact of increasing the amount due from Comtrad by $1.4 million.

In 1995 the Company billed Comtrad $495,000 for actual costs of salaries, space and other administrative costs it incurred on Comtrad's behalf. In 1995, Comtrad billed the Company $887,000 for the Company's share of actual costs incurred by Comtrad for salaries, space and other administrative expenses for shared employees.

A director of the Company served the Company as a management consultant under a consulting agreement specifying payments of $4,000 per month. The agreement was terminated at the end of 1996. In 1996 and 1995, $48,000 and $48,000, respectively, was paid under this agreement.

Note J--Common Stock and Stock Option Plans

In September 1997, the Board approved a 3 for 2 stock split. All share information has been restated to reflect all stock splits. In March 1996, the shareholders approved a reincorporation as a Florida company, a reverse 1 for 2 stock split and the authorization of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in such class or series and with such rights as approved by the Board of Directors. Under Florida law, a majority vote by the holders of the preferred stock as well as the holders of common stock is necessary to vote affirmatively on matters of mergers, sales of substantially all the Company's assets, exchanges of stock or changes in the articles of incorporation.

In August 1997, the Company completed a public offering of common shares in which the Company sold 21,208,134 shares and selling shareholders sold 1,216,866 shares. The Company's shares were sold at $21.17 per share which raised $428.2 million for the Company net of expenses and commissions.

In June 1996, the Company completed a public offering of common shares in which the Company sold 6,887,308 shares and selling shareholders sold 2,600,191 shares. The Company shares were sold at $8 per share which raised $50.6 million for the Company net of expenses and commissions. As part of the offering the underwriter received warrants entitling the purchase of 450,000 shares of stock in a 4 year period beginning in June 1997 at a price starting at $8.80 and increasing each year.

In August 1994, a Stock Incentive Plan was adopted by the Company's Board of Directors and subsequently approved by the Company's shareholders in June 1995. The maximum number of shares issuable under the Plan has been amended several times and is 2,620,500 at December 31, 1997. Certain of the grants (785,500 at December 31, 1997) are intended to qualify as incentive stock options and the remaining are non-qualified options. All options were issued with an exercise price equal to the market price and have a life of 10 years. Vesting periods are generally 25 a year for four years.

In 1997 the Board of Directors and subsequently the shareholders approved the Directors and Officers 1997 Stock Option Plan. The Plan authorizes options covering up to 1,350,000 shares of CHS Stock to be granted to executive officers and Directors. The options are to be granted at fair market value and generally vest over 3 years. In 1997, 1,275,000 options were granted under this Plan.

In 1997 the Board of Directors and subsequently the shareholders approved the 1997 CEO Stock Option Plan. The plan authorizes options covering up to 750,000 shares of CHS Stock to be issued to the CEO upon approval by the Board of a business acquisition. The options are granted at market value and vest based on the earnings of the acquired company. In 1997 all the options authorized by this plan were granted.

In June 1996, the Board of Directors, and subsequently the shareholders, approved the 1996 Chief Executive Officer Option Plan. The Plan provides for options covering up to 750,000 shares of CHS stock to be issued to the CEO upon the approval by the Board of Directors of a qualifying acquisition, as defined or of any acquisition if recommended by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board. A qualifying acquisition is one where greater than 50 of the purchase price is comprised of common stock calculated by an earn out formula. The options are granted at market value and vest based on the earnings of the acquired company. In 1997 and 1996, all the options authorized by this plan were granted.

In December 1994, when the estimated fair value was $4.00, the Board granted the Company's Chief Executive Officer non-qualified options to purchase 84,120 shares for which the exercise price is $.67 per share. The vesting period was two years and the options expire in ten years. The compensation element of $280,400 has been amortized to compensation expense in the accompanying financial statements.

The Company accounts for its stock options under APB 25. No compensation cost has been recognized as the exercise price of each options does not exceed the fair value of the underlying stock at the date of grant. Had compensation cost for the plan been determined based on the fair value of the options at the grant dates consistent with the method of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, the Company's net earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below.

1997 1996
Net earnings
  As reported $48,391,000 $12,166,000
  Pro forma 44,362,000 11,777,000
Net earnings per share--basic
  As reported $1.44 $.80
  Pro forma 1.32  .77
Net earnings per share--diluted
  As reported $1.32 $.78
  Pro forma 1.21 .75

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes options pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 1997 and 1996, respectively; dividend yield of 0 for each year; expected volatility of 67.9 in 1997 and 70 in 1996; risk-free interest rates ranging from 5.68 to 6.47 in 1997 and 6.06 in 1996; and expected lives of 4.5 years for each year.

A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans as of December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 and changes during the years ending on those dates is presented below.
 

1997 1996 1995
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year 2,314,299 $8.01 846,132 $4.60 603,008 $3.53
Granted 3,191,381 18.09 1,583,720 9.75 334,500 6.39
Exercised (705,469) 10.40 (61,611) 4.57 -- --
Cancelled (182,398) 8.36 (53,942)  10.28 (91,376)  4.11
Outstanding at end of year 4,617,813 $15.17 2,314,299 $8.01 846,132 $4.60
Options exercisable at year end 1,095,037 $4.58 773,442 $5.89 208,283  $3.33
Weighted--average fair value of options granted during the year $10.61 N/A N/A

The following information applies to options outstanding at December 31, 1997:
 

Number outstanding 4,617,813 
Range of exercise prices $4.00-$25.46 
Weighted-average exercise price  $15.17
Weighted-average remaining contractual life 9.2 years

Note K--Segment Information

The Company's business activities involve the operating segments of distribution of microcomputer equipment and software products. The operating segments are the distribution of universal products (products that represent the basic components of a personal computer without regard to the specific local language, regulatory and technical factors of individual markets) and localized products. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Summary of Accounting Policies (Note A). The segments are managed separately since each requires different business and marketing strategies. The geographic areas in which the localized product segments operate are Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Net sales, operating income (before interest and income taxes) and identifiable assets by segment were as follows (in thousands):
 
Localized Products
Western
Europe
Eastern
Europe
Latin
America
Universal
Products
Eliminations Consolidated
1997
  Net sales $2,676,905 $389,553 $1,118,504 $571,421 $-- $4,756,383
  Operating income $42,867 $18,871 $17,891 $14,501 $-- $94,130
  Corporate expenses (4,969)
89,161
  Identifiable assets $894,248 $189,918 $280,814 $472,689 $-- $1,837,669
  Corporate assets 110,571
$1,948,240
1996
  Net sales $1,063,997 $215,518 $576,025 $--  $--  $1,855,540 
  Operating income $9,559 $11,440 $10,663  $-- $-- $31,662
  Corporate expenses (2,789)
28,873 
  Identifiable assets $528,568 $110,656 $207,734  $-- $-- $846,958
  Corporate assets  14,991
$861,949
1995
  Net sales $542,438 $65,320  $328,945  $--  $--  $936,703
  Operating income $7,358 $252 $3,934 $-- $-- $11,544 
  Corporate expenses (745)
10,799 
  Identifiable assets $169,442 $33,283  $85,409  $-- $(22,677) $265,457 
  Corporate assets 347
$265,804

Note L--Subsequent Events

In January 1998, the Company implemented a Common Stock Purchase Rights Plan and distributed one right (a "Right") for each share of the Company's Common Stock outstanding. Each Right has an initial exercise price of $100 for one-one thousandth of a share of the Company's Series A junior participating preferred stock. The Rights are not exercisable or transferable, apart from the Company's Common Stock, until after a person or group acquires, or has the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 15 or more of the Company's Common Stock (which threshold may, under certain circumstances, be reduced to 10) or announces a tender or exchange offer to acquire such percentage of the Company's Common Stock. Upon such occurrence, each Right (other than Rights owned by such person or group) will entitle the holder to purchase from the Company, or the particular acquiring person or group under certain circumstances and conditions, the number of shares of the Company's, or such person's or group's, Common Stock having a market value equal to twice the exercise price of the Right. The Rights are redeemable by the Company's Board of Directors under certain circumstances.

Note M--Summarized Quarterly Financial Data for 1997 and 1996 (unaudited)

First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
Year
(in thousands, except for per share information)
1997
Net sales $877,103 $946,955 $1,097,567 $1,834,758 $4,756,383
Gross profit  62,463 70,173 84,944 129,089 346,669
Net earnings  6,710 6,401 11,436 23,844 48,391
Earnings per share--basic  .30 .29 .28 .49 1.44
Earnings per share--diluted .29 .27 .26 .45 1.32
1996
Net sales $302,995 $316,506 $376,209 $859,830 $1,855,540
Gross profit 22,542 23,764 27,109 57,693 131,108
Net earnings 1,988 1,726 2,325 6,127 12,166
Earnings per share--basic .17 .14 .13 .33(A) .80 
Earnings per share--diluted .16 .13 .11 .32 .78
(A) Results for the fourth quarter 1996 include a restructuring charge of $1.4 million ($1.1 million or $.07 per share after tax) for costs incurred by the Company to implement consolidation of its operations with acquired operations from Merisel.Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants
 

Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants

Board of Directors and Shareholders
CHS Electronics, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CHS Electronics, Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of CHS Electronics, Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the consolidated results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

GRANT THORNTON LLP

Miami, Florida
March 12, 1998

Investor Information
Board of Directors
Claudio Osorio
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer & President
Alvin Perlman
Executive Vice President - Worldwide
Carsten Frank
Executive Vice President - Asian Region
Antonio Boccalandro
Chief Officer of Mergers & Acquisitions and Secretary
Zbynek Kraus
General Manager of Czech Republic Operations
Otto Gerlach
President of Larco, C.A.
Pierino Lardi
Chief Executive Officer and President of Banca Commerciale Lugano
Donald D. Winstead
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Puris, Inc.
Bernd Karre
Chief Operating Officer of Sales - Karma Operations
 
Key Management
Claudio Osorio
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer & President
Alvin Perlman
Executive Vice President - Worldwide
Pasquale Giordano
Executive Vice President - European Region
Carsten Frank
Executive Vice President - Asian Region
Clifford Dyer
Executive Vice President - Latin American Region
Antonio Boccalandro
Chief Officer of Mergers & Acquisitions and Secretary
Craig S. Toll
Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer Arturo Osorio
Chief Operating Officer - Latin American Region
Alvi Mazon
Chief Operating Officer - Karma Operations
 
Independent Auditors
Grant Thornton LLP 777 Brickell Avenue Suite 1200 Miami, Florida 33131
(305) 377-9900
Corporate Counsel
Greenberg Traurig Hoffman Lipoff Rosen & Quintel, P.A. 1221 Brickell Avenue, 22nd Floor Miami, Florida 33131
(305) 579-0500
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Interwest Transfer Company P.O. Box 17136 Salt Lake City, Utah 84117
(801) 277-1400
 
Exchange Listing
Nasdaq National Market Trading Symbol: CHSE
Shareholder Contact and Form 10-K
Shareholders and prospective investors are welcome to call or write CHS Electronics with questions or requests for additional information. Copies of CHS Electronics Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 are also available, without charge. You can also access this and additional information on our website: www.chse.com.
Inquiries should be directed to:
Craig S. Toll Chief Financial Officer, at CHS Electronics, Inc. 2000 N.W. 84th Avenue Miami, Florida 33122
(305) 908-7200