| Note 1. General Description of Business
Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., a Liberian corporation, and its subsidiaries
(the "Company"), is a global cruise company. In July 1997, the Company
acquired 100% of the outstanding stock of Celebrity Cruise Lines Inc.
("Celebrity"). (See Note 4 Acquisition.) The Company operates two
cruise brands, Royal Caribbean International, which operates 12 cruise
ships (one of which has been sold and will operate under a charter agreement
until March 1999), and Celebrity Cruises, which operates five cruise ships.
The Company's ships call on destinations in Alaska, the Bahamas, Bermuda,
the Caribbean, Canada, Europe, Hawaii, Mexico, New England, the Panama
Canal and Scandinavia.Basis for Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and are presented in U.S.
dollars. Management estimates are required for the preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Actual results could differ from these estimates. All significant intercompany
accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Cruise Revenues and Expenses
Deposits received on sales of passenger cruises are recorded as customer
deposits and are recognized, together with revenues from shipboard activities
and all associated direct costs of a voyage, upon completion of voyages
with durations of 10 days or less and on a pro rata basis for voyages
in excess of 10 days. Certain revenues and expenses for pro rata voyages
are estimated.Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and marketable securities with
original maturities of less than 90 days.Inventories
Inventories consist of provisions, supplies, fuel and gift shop merchandise
carried at the lower of cost (weighted-average) or market.Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Significant vessel refurbishing
costs are capitalized as additions to the vessel, while costs of repairs
and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The Company capitalizes
interest as part of the cost of construction. The Company reviews long-lived
assets, identifiable intangibles and goodwill and reserves for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate, based on estimated
future cash flows, the carrying amount of the assets will not be fully
recoverable.Depreciation of property and equipment, which includes amortization of vessels under capital lease, is computed using the straight-line method over useful lives of primarily 30 years for vessels and three to 10 years for other property and equipment. (See Note 5 Property and Equipment.) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets
acquired and is being amortized over 40 years using the straight-line
method.Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred except those costs which result
in tangible assets, such as brochures, are treated as prepaid supplies
and charged to operations as consumed. Advertising expense consists of
media advertising as well as brochure, production and direct mail costs.
Media advertising was $76.7, $62.5 and $46.6 million, and brochure, production
and direct mail costs were $63.2, $33.7 and $29.2 million for the years
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.Drydocking
Drydocking costs are accrued evenly over the period to the next scheduled
drydocking and are included in accrued liabilities.Financial Instruments
The Company enters into various forward, option and swap contracts to
limit its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
and oil prices, to modify its exposure to interest rate movements and
to manage its interest costs. The differential in interest rates and oil
prices to be paid or received under these agreements is recognized in
income over the life of the contracts as part of interest expense and
fuel expense, respectively. Foreign exchange forward and/or option contracts
are revalued as of the balance sheet date based on forward and/or option
contracts with comparable characteristics, and resulting gains and losses
are recognized in income currently.Foreign Currency Transactions
The majority of the Company's transactions are settled in U.S. dollars.
Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in other currencies
and remeasurements of other currencies are recognized in income currently.Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income, after deducting
preferred stock dividends accumulated during the period, by the weighted-average
number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average
number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and other potentially
dilutive securities outstanding during each period.Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic
value method and discloses certain fair market value information with
respect to its stock option activity in the notes to the financial statements.Segment Reporting
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131
Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information
for the year ended December 31, 1998. Although the Company operates two
brands, Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises, the brands
have been aggregated as a single operating segment based on the similarity
of their economic characteristics as well as product and services provided.Information about geographic areas is shown in the table below. Revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on the source of the customer. |
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Note 3. Stock Split |
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The unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes
only and include certain adjustments, such as additional depreciation
expense as a result of a step-up in the basis of fixed assets and increased
interest expense on acquisition debt. They do not purport to be indicative
of the results which would actually have been achieved if this acquisition
had been effected on the date indicated or of those results which may
be obtained in the future. Note 5. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands): |
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| Vessels under construction includes progress payments
for the construction of new vessels as well as planning, design, interest,
commitment fees and other associated costs. The Company capitalized interest
costs of $15.0, $15.8 and $15.9 million for the years 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively. Accumulated amortization related to vessels under capital
lease was $67.9 and $45.8 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. In May 1998, the Company sold Song of America for $94.5 million and recognized a gain on the sale of $31.0 million which is included in Other income (expense). In the second quarter of 1998, the Company incurred a $32.0 million charge related to the write-down to fair market value of Viking Serenade. Based on the Company's strategic objective to maintain a modernized fleet, the unique circumstances of this vessel and indications of the current value of Viking Serenade, the Company recorded a write-down of the carrying value to its current estimated fair market value which is included in Other income (expense). The Company continues to operate and depreciate the vessel which is classified as part of Property and Equipment on the balance sheet. In October 1997, the Company sold Sun Viking for $30.0 million and recognized a gain on the sale of $4.0 million. In September 1997, the Company sold Meridian. The sale price was $62.1 million and there was no gain or loss recognized in the transaction. In October 1996, the Company sold Song of Norway for $40.0 million and recognized a gain on the sale of $10.3 million. The Company has recorded the gains in Other income (expense). Note 6. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands): |
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Under the Company's $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility
(the "$1 Billion Revolving Credit Facility"), the contractual interest
rate on balances outstanding varies with the Company's debt rating. In
addition, the $1 Billion Revolving Credit Facility contains a competitive
bid provision which may allow the Company to borrow funds at less than
the contractual interest rate. |
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| Note 7. Shareholders' Equity The following represents an analysis of the changes in shareholders' equity for the years 1998, 1997, and 1996 (in thousands): |
| Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Paid-in Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock |
Total | |||||||||
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| Balance, January 1, 1996 | $ | | $ | 1,270 | $ | 548,339 | $ | 419,030 | $ | (3,551) | $ | 965,088 | ||
| Issuance under Employee Related Plans | | 6 | 3,606 | | (248) | 3,364 | ||||||||
| Common stock dividends | | | | (34,384) | | (34,384) | ||||||||
| Net Income | | | | 150,866 | | 150,866 | ||||||||
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| Balance, December 31, 1996 | | 1,276 | 551,945 | 535,512 | (3,799) | 1,084,934 | ||||||||
| Issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock | 172,500 | | (5,470) | | | 167,030 | ||||||||
| Acquisition of Celebrity | | 148 | 269,852 | | | 270,000 | ||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock | | 187 | 364,444 | | | 364,631 | ||||||||
| Issuance under Employee Related Plans | | 10 | 7,533 | | (560) | 6,983 | ||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | | | | (9,201) | | (9,201) | ||||||||
| Common stock dividends | | | | (40,783) | | (40,783) | ||||||||
| Net Income | | | | 175,127 | | 175,127 | ||||||||
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| Balance, December 31, 1997 | 172,500 | 1,621 | 1,188,304 | 660,655 | (4,359) | 2,018,721 | ||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock | | 61 | 165,471 | | | 165,532 | ||||||||
| Issuance under Employee Related Plans | | 8 | 8,021 | | (560) | 7,469 | ||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | | | | (12,506) | | (12,506) | ||||||||
| Common stock dividends | | | | (55,228) | | (55,228) | ||||||||
| Net Income | | | | 330,770 | | 330,770 | ||||||||
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| Balance, December 31, 1998 | $ | 172,500 | $ | 1,690 | $ | 1,361,796 | $ | 923,691 | $ | (4,919) | $ | 2,454,758 | ||
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In March 1998, the Company completed a public offering of 13,800,000
shares of common stock at a price of $28.25 per share. Of the total shares
sold, 7,699,310 shares were sold by selling shareholders, and the balance
of 6,100,690 shares were sold by the Company. After deduction of the underwriting
discount and other estimated expenses of the offering, net proceeds to
the Company were approximately $165.5 million. |
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Stock Options Activity
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Stock Options Outstanding
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| As of December 31, 1998 | Outstanding | Exercisable | |||||||||
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| Exercise Price Range |
Shares | Average Remaining Life |
Average Exercise Price |
Shares | Average Exercise Price |
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| $ | 6.28 | $12.16 | 1,641,816 | 4.4 years | $ | 9.00 | 1,188,494 | $ | 8.08 | ||
| $ | 13.16 | $13.78 | 1,814,474 | 6.6 years | $ | 13.49 | 983,322 | $ | 13.49 | ||
| $ | 14.03 | $22.31 | 1,860,100 | 8.9 years | $ | 20.45 | 81,930 | $ | 14.24 | ||
| $ | 25.59 | $32.84 | 1,176,000 | 9.2 years | $ | 26.95 | | | |||
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| 6,492,390 | 7.2 years | $ | 16.78 | 2,253,746 | $ | 10.66 | |||||
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| The Company uses the intrinsic value
method of accounting for stock-based compensation. Had the fair value
based method been used to account for such compensation, compensation
costs would have reduced net income by $8.2, $4.0 and $2.6 million or
$0.05, $0.03 and $0.02 per share in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted during 1998, 1997 and
1996 was $10.49, $7.80 and $5.42, respectively. Fair market value information
for the Company's stock options for 1998, 1997 and 1996 was estimated
using the Black-Scholes Model assuming an expected dividend rate of 1.5%,
an estimated term of six years, a risk- free rate of return of approximately
5% in 1998 and 6% in 1997 and 1996 and an expected volatility of 35.0%
in 1998 and 28.0% in 1997 and 1996. Effective January 1, 1998, the Company instituted a program to award stock to employees up to a maximum of 1,400,000 shares of common stock. Employees are awarded five shares of the Company's stock at the end of each year of employment over a 10-year period. Employees can elect to receive cash equal to the fair market value of the stock upon vesting. Compensation expense was $3.6 million in 1998 related to this program. Note 8. Earnings Per Share Below is a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share before extraordinary item for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 (in thousands, except per share amounts). |
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| For the Years Ended December 31, | Income | Shares | Per Share |
Income | Shares | Per Share |
Income | Shares | Per Share |
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| Income before extraordinary item | $ | 330,770 | $ | 182,685 | $ | 150,866 | |||||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | (12,506) | (10,765) | | ||||||||||||||
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| Basic earnings per share | 318,264 | 167,577 | $ | 1.90 | 171,920 | 141,010 | $ | 1.22 | 150,866 | 127,295 | $ | 1.19 | |||||
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| Effect of Dilutive Securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | 2,940 | 1,978 | 1,132 | ||||||||||||||
| Convertible preferred stock | 12,506 | 10,648 | 10,765 | 9,186 | | | |||||||||||
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| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 330,770 | 181,165 | $ | 1.83 | $ | 182,685 | 152,174 | $ | 1.20 | $ | 150,866 | 128,427 | $ | 1.17 | ||
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Extraordinary loss per share for the year ended 1997 for basic and diluted earnings per share was ($0.05). |
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Note 9. Retirement Plans The Company maintains a defined contribution pension plan covering all of its full-time shoreside employees who have completed the minimum period of continuous service. Annual contributions to the plan are based on fixed percentages of participants' salaries and years of service, not to exceed certain maximums. Pension cost was $6.9, $4.9 and $4.3 million for the years 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Note 10. Operating Leases The Company is obligated under noncancelable operating leases for various facilities, primarily office and warehouse space. As of December 31, 1998, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands): |
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Total rent expense for all operating leases amounted to $6.9, $5.7 and $4.9 million for the years 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Note 11. Income Taxes The Company and the majority of its subsidiaries are not subject to U.S. corporate income tax on income generated from the international operation of ships pursuant to Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, provided that they meet certain tests related to country of incorporation and composition of shareholders. The Company believes that it and a majority of its subsidiaries meet these tests. Income tax expense related to the Company's remaining subsidiaries is not significant. Note 12. Financial Instruments The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments are as follows (in thousands): |
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The carrying amounts shown are the amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets. The reported fair values are based on a variety of factors and assumptions. Accordingly, the fair values may not represent actual values of the financial instruments that could have been realized as of December 31, 1998 or 1997 or that will be realized in the future and do not include expenses that could be incurred in an actual sale or settlement. The following methods were used to estimate the fair values of the Company's financial instruments, none of which are held for trading or speculative purposes: Cash and Cash Equivalents
The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity
of those instruments.Long-Term Debt The fair values of the $1 Billion Revolving Credit Facility,
the capital leases, the secured fixed and variable rate loans and the unsecured
fixed rate loan were estimated based on the market rates available to the
Company for similar debt with the same remaining maturities. The fair values
of the Senior Notes and Senior Debentures were estimated by obtaining quoted
market prices.Interest Rate Swap Agreements
The fair value of interest rate swap agreements was estimated based on quoted
market prices for similar or identical financial instruments to those held
by the Company. The Company's exposure to market risk for changes in interest
rates relates to its long-term debt obligations. Market risk associated
with the Company's long-term debt is the potential increase in fair value
resulting from a decrease in interest rates. The Company uses interest rate
swaps to modify its exposure to interest rate movements and manage its interest
expense. As of December 31, 1998, the Company had agreements in effect which
exchanged floating interest rates for fixed interest rates in a notional
amount of $100.0 million maturing in 1999 and fixed interest rates for floating
interest rates in a notional amount of $668.8 million maturing in 2002 through
2008.The Company has exposure under these interest rate swap agreements for the cost of replacing the contracts in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties, all of which are currently the Company's lending banks. To minimize that risk, the Company limits its exposure to any individual counterparty and selects counterparties with credit risks acceptable to the Company. In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 133") which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair market value on the balance sheet with changes in fair value recognized in income in the period they occur. FAS 133 is effective for fiscal quarters of all fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999 (January 1, 2000 for the Company). The Company has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of FAS 133 will have on its earnings or statement of financial position. Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies The Company has nine ships on order. Three are Eagle-class vessels designated for the Royal Caribbean International fleet, the first of which, Voyager of the Seas is scheduled for delivery in the fourth quarter of 1999, followed by two sister vessels scheduled for delivery in the third quarter of 2000 and second quarter of 2002. The Company also has two Vantage-class vessels designated for the Royal Caribbean International fleet scheduled for delivery in the first quarter of 2001 and second quarter of 2002 and four Millennium-class vessels designated for the Celebrity Cruises fleet, scheduled for delivery in the second quarter of 2000, first quarter of 2001, third quarter of 2001 and second quarter of 2002. The aggregate contract price of the nine ships, which excludes capitalized interest and other ancillary costs, is approximately $3.6 billion, of which the Company deposited $144.6 million during 1998 and $74.3 million during 1997. Additional deposits are due prior to the dates of delivery of $237.4 million in 1999, $88.1 million in 2000 and $25.0 million in 2001. In June 1998, the Company entered into a plea agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice settling previously filed charges contained in two indictments pending in the U.S. District of Puerto Rico and the Southern District of Florida, respectively. The indictments, which pertained to events that occurred in 1994 and prior years, contained a total of 11 felony counts related to improper disposal of oil-contaminated bilge water and attempts to conceal such activities from the U.S. Coast Guard. Under the plea agreement, the Company pled guilty to eight of the 11 counts and agreed to pay $9.0 million. The U.S. government is continuing its investigation of the Company's bilge water and other waste disposal practices through federal grand jury proceedings in Anchorage, Alaska, Los Angeles, California, Miami, Florida and New York, New York. In February 1999, the Company was indicted by the grand jury in Los Angeles on charges that it presented false oil record books for one of its vessels to the U.S. Coast Guard three times during 1994. Each of the three counts in the indictment carries a maximum fine of $500,000, subject to increase under certain circumstances. Although the Company is not able at this time to estimate the timing or impact of the continuing investigations, the Company may be subject to additional charges for violations of U.S. law. Beginning in December 1995, several purported class action suits were filed alleging that Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity misrepresented to its passengers the amount of its port charge expenses. The suits seek declaratory relief and damages in an unspecified amount. Beginning in August 1996, several purported class-action suits were filed alleging that Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity should have paid commissions to travel agents on port charges included in the price of cruise fares. The suit seeks damages in an unspecified amount. Similar suits are pending against other companies in the cruise industry. In February 1997, Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity and certain other cruise lines entered into an Assurance of Voluntary Compliance with the Florida Attorney General's office. Under the Assurance of Voluntary Compliance, Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity agreed to include all components of the cruise ticket price, other than governmental taxes and fees, in the advertised price. In January 1999, Royal Caribbean International entered into an agreement to settle certain of the class-action suits filed on behalf of its passengers. Celebrity entered into a similar settlement agreement. Under the terms of the settlement agreements, each of Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity will issue travel vouchers having face amounts ranging from $8 to $30, in the case of Royal Caribbean International, and from $20 to $45 in the case of Celebrity, to passengers who are U.S. residents and who sailed on Royal Caribbean International or Celebrity, as the case may be, between April 1992 and April 1997. Such vouchers may be applied to reduce the cruise fare of a future cruise on Royal Caribbean International or Celebrity, as the case may be, and are valid for up to three years from the date of issuance. The settlements have received preliminary court approval but are subject to final court approval. Since the amount and timing of the vouchers to be redeemed and the effect of redemption on revenues is not reasonably determinable, the Company has not established a liability for the vouchers and will account for their redemption as a reduction of future revenues. In December 1998, a Florida state court judge dismissed one of the class-action suits filed on behalf of travel agents for failure to state a claim under Florida law. The plaintiff in that case has filed an appeal of that decision. The Company is not able at this time to estimate the timing or impact of the travel agent proceedings on the Company. The Company is routinely involved in other claims typical to the cruise industry. The majority of these claims are covered by insurance. Management believes the outcome of such other claims which are not covered by insurance would not have a material adverse effect upon the Company's financial condition or results of operations. Note 14. Quarterly Data (unaudited) |
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thousands, except per share amounts) |
1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1997 | ||||||||||
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| Revenues | $ | 659,777 | $ | 394,590 | $ | 656,456 | $ | 403,467 | $ | 744,910 | $ | 612,542 | $ | 575,148 | $ | 528,408 | ||
| Operating Income | 119,461 | 60,637 | 121,533 | 67,397 | 183,592 | 116,911 | 64,149 | 58,610 | ||||||||||
| Income Before Extraordinary Item | 77,537 | 38,481 | 79,770 | 45,918 | 150,038 | 75,931 | 23,425 | 22,355 | ||||||||||
| Extraordinary Item | | | | (7,558) | | | | | ||||||||||
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| Net Income | $ | 77,537 | $ | 38,481 | $ | 79,770 | $ | 38,360 | $ | 150,038 | $ | 75,931 | $ | 23,425 | $ | 22,355 | ||
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| Basic Earnings Per Share:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income before extraordinary item | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.12 | ||
| Extraordinary item | | | | (0.05) | | | | | ||||||||||
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| Net income | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.12 | ||
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| Diluted Earnings Per Share:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income before extraordinary item | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.12 | ||
| Extraordinary item | | | | (0.05) | | | | | ||||||||||
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| Net Income | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.12 | ||
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| Dividends Declared Per Share | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.08 | ||
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| (1) Earnings per share is computed after giving effect to the two-for-one stock split effective July 31, 1998. Prior year amounts have been restated. | ||||||||||||||||||