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Thousands of dollars, except per-share amounts and numbers of shares
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Becton, Dickinson and Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries (Company) after the elimination of intercompany transactions.
Reclassifications
The Company has reclassified certain prior year information to conform with the current year presentation.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates market. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. During the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company changed its method of determining cost for inventory previously determined under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method to the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, as discussed in Note 2.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are principally provided on the straight-line basis over estimated useful lives, which range from 20 to 45 years for buildings, four to 10 years for machinery and equipment and two to 17 years for leasehold improvements. Depreciation expense was $221,545, $217,553 and $198,244 in fiscal 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
Intangibles
Goodwill is reviewed annually for impairment in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as discussed in Note 3. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, potential impairment is identified by comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. Core and developed technology continues to be amortized over periods ranging from 15 to 20 years, using the straight-line method. Both goodwill and core and developed technology arise from acquisitions. Other intangibles with finite useful lives, which include patents, are amortized over periods principally ranging from two to 40 years, using the straight-line method. These intangibles, including core and developed technology, are periodically reviewed when impairment indicators are present to assess recoverability from future operations using undiscounted
cash flows in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. To the extent carrying value exceeds fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in operating results. Other intangibles also include certain trademarks that are considered to have indefinite lives, as they are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, these trademarks are no longer amortized but are reviewed annually for impairment. See Note 3 for further discussion.
Capitalized Software
Capitalized software includes approximately $173,600 and $203,914 of net costs as of September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, associated with our enterprise-wide program to upgrade our business information systems, known internally as Genesis. The costs associated with the Genesis program will be fully amortized by 2009, with amortization expense being primarily reported as Selling and administrative expense. Capitalized software also includes approximately $33,997 and $15,226 of net costs as of September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, associated with a business information systems upgrade within the Biosciences segment. This implementation is estimated to be completed by January 2005 and the related costs will be fully amortized by 2011. Similar to our accounting for the costs of Genesis, these costs are capitalized in accordance with the AICPAs Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. Amortization expense was $66,319, $52,602 and $31,330 for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation
Generally, the net assets of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates. The U.S. dollar results that arise from such translation, as well as exchange gains and losses on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature, are included in the foreign currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized on the sale of certain instruments in the Biosciences segment upon completion of installation at the customers site. Based upon the terms of sales arrangements entered into beginning in the fourth quarter of 2003, the Biosciences segment began to recognize revenue in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. These sales arrangements have multiple deliverables and, as such, are divided into separate units of accounting. Revenue and cost of products sold are recognized at the completion of each deliverable. Substantially all other revenue is recognized when products are shipped and title passes to customers.
A large part of the Companys domestic businesses sell products to distributors who resell the products to the end-user customers. The Company provides rebates to distributors that sell to end-user customers at prices determined under a contract between BD and the end-user customer or distributor.
The Company estimates the amount of the rebate that will be paid, and records the liability as a reduction of revenues when the Company records the sale of the product.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in Selling and administrative expense. Shipping expense was $205,280, $190,472 and $174,466 in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
Warranty
Estimated future warranty obligations related to applicable products are provided by charges to operations in the period in which the related revenue is recognized.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended, all derivatives are recorded in the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. See Note 10 for additional discussion on financial instruments.
Derivative financial instruments are utilized by the Company in the management of its foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company hedges its foreign currency exposures by entering into offsetting forward exchange contracts and currency options, when it deems appropriate. The Company utilizes interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements to manage its exposure to fluctuating interest rates. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Any deferred gains or losses associated with derivative instruments, which on infrequent occasions may be terminated prior to maturity, are recognized in income in the period in which the underlying hedged transaction is recognized. In the event a designated hedged item is sold, extinguished or matures prior to the termination of the related derivative instrument, such instrument would be closed and the resultant gain or loss would be recognized in income.
Income Taxes
United States income taxes are not provided on substantially all undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries since such undistributed earnings are indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Income taxes are provided and tax credits are recognized based on tax laws enacted at the dates of the finan-cial statements.
The Company maintains valuation allowances where it is likely that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are included in our tax provision in the period of change. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, management evaluates factors such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates or assumptions affect reported assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Stock-Based Compensation
Under the provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, the Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Companys stock at the date of the grant over the exercise price.
The following pro-forma net income and earnings per share information has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its stock-based compensation awards issued using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, the estimated fair value of awards would be charged against income on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which generally ranges from zero to four years. The pro-forma effect on net income for 2004, 2003, and 2002 may not be representative of the pro forma effect on net income in future years since compensation cost is allocated on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the grants, which extends beyond the reported years.
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|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2002 |
|
 |
| Net Income, as reported |
$ |
467,402 |
|
$ |
547,056 |
|
$ |
479,982 |
|
| Less stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| expense, net of tax |
|
32,027 |
|
|
35,941 |
|
|
34,890 |
|
 |
| Pro-forma net income |
$ |
435,375 |
|
$ |
511,115 |
|
$ |
445,092 |
|
 |
| Reported earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
$ |
1.85 |
|
$ |
2.14 |
|
$ |
1.85 |
|
| Diluted |
$ |
1.77 |
|
$ |
2.07 |
|
$ |
1.79 |
|
| Pro-forma earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
$ |
1.72 |
|
$ |
2.00 |
|
$ |
1.72 |
|
| Diluted |
$ |
1.66 |
|
$ |
1.95 |
|
$ |
1.66 |
|
 |
The pro-forma amounts and fair value of each option grant are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 2004, 2003, and 2002: risk free interest rates of 3.85%, 3.66%, and 4.50%, respectively; expected volatility of 32.5%, 33.2%, and 33.0% respectively; expected dividend yields of 1.16%, 1.21%, and 1.16%, respectively; and expected lives of six years for each year presented.
The Company estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, modified for dividends and using certain assumptions for stock price volatility, risk free interest rates, dividend yields and expected terms until exercise. The value determined by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is based on assumptions at the time of grant and subsequent modifications to such assumptions are not reflected in the value of prior grants. The Black-Scholes model is a trading option-pricing model that does not reflect either the non-traded nature of employee stock options or the limited transferability of such options. This model also does not consider restrictions on trading for all employees, including certain restrictions imposed on senior management of the Company. Therefore, if the Company had used an option-pricing model other than Black-Scholes, pro-forma results different from those shown above may have been reported. See Note 2 regarding the Companys planned adoption of the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 in fiscal 2005.
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