The principal accounting policies are summarised below. All of these have been applied consistently throughout the year and the preceding year.

a) Basis of accounting
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include the revaluation of certain investments, and in accordance with applicable United Kingdom financial reporting and accounting standards.

The Group has taken advantage of the exemption in Urgent Issues Task Force Abstract 17 (Revised 2003) ãEmployee share schemesä and has not applied the abstract to the Groupâs HMRC approved Sharesave Scheme.

b) Basis of consolidation
The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the Company and all of its subsidiary undertakings. All companies are consolidated using acquisition accounting, and all inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

The Group maintains a 52 or 53 week fiscal year ending on the Sunday nearest to 30 June in each year. In fiscal year 2005 this date was 3 July 2005, this being a 53 week year (2004: 27 June 2004, 52 week year).

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption in section 230 of the Companies Act 1985 not to present its own profit and loss account. The Companyâs result for the financial year determined in accordance with the Act is disclosed in note 23.

c) Acquisitions
On the acquisition of a business, fair values are attributed to the Groupâs share of separable net assets acquired. Subsidiary undertakings are accounted for from the effective date of acquisition or from when the Groupâs shareholding in an associate or joint venture increases to give the Group control, until the effective date of disposal. Adjustments are also made to bring the accounting policies into line with those of the Group. Where statutory merger relief is applicable, the difference between the fair value of the shares issued as purchase consideration and the nominal value of the shares issued as purchase consideration is treated as a merger reserve in the consolidated accounts. The results and cash flows relating to an acquired business are included in the consolidated profit and loss account and the consolidated cash flow statement from the date of acquisition.

d) Goodwill and other intangible assets
Where the cost of acquisition exceeds the fair values attributable to the net assets acquired, the difference is treated as purchased goodwill and capitalised on the Group balance sheet in the year of acquisition. Purchased goodwill arising on acquisitions from 1 July 1998 is capitalised. Prior to 1 July 1998, goodwill arising on acquisitions was eliminated against reserves. As permitted by FRS 10, this goodwill has not been restated on the balance sheet. On disposal or closure of a previously acquired business, any goodwill previously written off to reserves is included in calculating the profit or loss on disposal.

Other intangible assets, all of which have been acquired and are controlled through custody or legal rights and could be sold separately from the rest of the business, are capitalised where fair value can be reliably measured.

Where capitalised goodwill and intangible assets are regarded as having a limited useful economic life, the cost is amortised on a straight-line basis over that life of up to 20 years. Any amortisation or impairment write-downs are charged to the profit and loss account.

e) Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. Land and assets in the course of construction are not depreciated.

Depreciation is provided to write off the cost, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life. Principal annual rates used for this purpose are:

f) Impairment of fixed assets and goodwill
Intangible fixed assets, goodwill and tangible fixed assets are reviewed for impairment if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill and intangible fixed assets are also reviewed for impairment at the end of the first full financial year after acquisition. Should an impairment review be required, this is performed in accordance with FRS 11 ö Impairment of fixed assets and goodwill (ãFRS 11ä).

g) Interests in joint ventures
Joint ventures are entities in which the Group holds a long-term interest and shares control under a contractual arrangement. These investments are dealt with by the gross equity method of accounting. Provision is made within creditors where the Groupâs share of a joint ventureâs loss exceeds the Groupâs funding to date.

h) Fixed asset investments
The Groupâs fixed asset investments are stated at cost, less any provision for permanent diminution in value.

In the Companyâs financial statements, investments in subsidiary undertakings are stated at cost, with the exception of the investment in Sky Television Limited which is stated at valuation. Provision is made for any impairment.

In the Companyâs balance sheet, where statutory merger relief is applicable, the cost is measured by reference to the nominal value only of the shares issued. Any premium has not been recognised.

i) Stocks
Acquired and commissioned television programme rights
Programme rights are stated at cost including, where applicable, estimated escalation payments, and net of accumulated amortisation. Provisions are made for any programme rights which are surplus to Group requirements or which will not be shown for any other reason.

Contractual obligations for programme rights not yet available for transmission are not included in the cost of programme rights, but are disclosed as contractual commitments (see note 24). Payments made upon receipt of commissioned and acquired programming, but in advance of the legal right to broadcast the programmes, are treated as prepayments. Programme rights are recorded in stock at cost when the programmes are available for transmission.

Amortisation is provided to write off the cost of programme rights. The principal rates used for this purpose are:

Sports ö 100% on first showing, or, where contracts provide for sports rights for multiple seasons or competitions, the amortisation of each contract is principally on a straight-line basis across the season or competition.
Current affairs ö 100% on first showing.
General entertainment ö straight-line basis on each transmission.

• One showing planned ö 100%.
• Two showings planned ö 60%; 40%.
• Three showings planned ö 50%; 30%; 20%.
• Four showings planned ö 40%; 30%; 20%; 10%.

Movies ö Acquired movies are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of transmission rights. Where acquired movie rights provide for a second availability window, 10% of the cost is allocated to that window.

Digiboxes and related equipment
Digiboxes and related equipment includes digiboxes (including Sky⁺ boxes), Low Noise Blockers (ãLNBsä) and mini-dishes. These stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value (ãNRVä), the latter of which reflects the value to the business of the digibox and the related equipment in the hands of the customer. Any subsidy is expensed on enablement, which is the process of activating the viewing card once inserted in the digibox upon installation, so as to enable a viewer to view encrypted broadcast services, and effectively represents the completion of the installation process for new subscribers.

Raw materials, consumables and goods held for resale
Raw materials, consumables and goods held for resale are valued at the lower of cost and NRV.

j) Transponder rental prepayments
Payments made in respect of future satellite capacity have been recorded as prepaid transponder rental costs. These payments are amortised on a straight-line basis to the profit and loss account from commencement of broadcasting to the end of the rental period, normally 10 years.

k) Taxation
Corporation tax payable is provided at current rates on all taxable profits.

l) Deferred taxation
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date, where transactions or events that result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay less tax in the future have occurred at the balance sheet date.

A net deferred tax asset is regarded as recoverable and therefore recognised only when, on the basis of all available evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits against which carried forward tax losses can be offset or from which the future reversal of underlying timing differences can be deducted.

Deferred tax is measured at the average tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is measured on a non-discounted basis.

m) Foreign currency
Trading activities denominated in foreign currencies are recorded in sterling at actual exchange rates as of the date of the transaction or at the contracted rate if the transaction is covered by a forward foreign exchange contract or other hedging instrument. Monetary assets, liabilities and commitments denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are reported at the rates of exchange prevailing at the year end or, if hedged, at the appropriate hedged rate.

n) Derivatives and other financial instruments
The Group uses a number of derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposures to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates. Receipts and payments on interest rate instruments are recognised on an accruals basis over the life of the instrument. Gains and losses on those instruments which are designated as hedges are not recognised until the underlying creditor being hedged is recognised.

Cash flows associated with derivative financial instruments are classified in the cash flow statement in a manner consistent with those of the underlying transactions being hedged. If an instrument ceases to be designated as a hedge, for example, by the underlying hedged position being eliminated, the instrument is marked to market and any resulting gain or loss is recognised immediately in the profit and loss account. The Group does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

o) Turnover
Turnover, which excludes value added tax and sales between Group companies, represents the value of products and services sold. The Groupâs main sources of turnover are recognised as follows:

• Revenues from the provision of direct-to-home (ãDTHä) subscription services are recognised as the services are provided, net of any discount given. Pay-per-view revenue is recognised when the event, movie or football match is viewed.
• Cable revenues are recognised as the services are provided to the cable wholesalers and are based on the number of subscribers taking the Sky channels, as reported to the Group by the cable wholesalers, and the applicable rate card.
• Advertising sales revenues are recognised when the advertising is broadcast.
• Sky Bet revenues include income from betting and gaming, which represent a) amounts receivable in respect of bets placed on events which occur in the year; and b) net customer losses in the year in respect of the on-line casino operations and casino-style interactive roulette games.
• Sky Active revenues include income from on-line advertising, e-mail, telephony income from the use of interactive services (e.g. voting), interconnect, text services and digibox subsidy recovery revenues earned through conditional access and access control charges made to customers on the Sky digital platform. All Sky Active revenues are recognised when the goods or services are delivered.
• Other revenues principally include income from installations, digibox sale revenues (including the sale of Sky⁺ and Multiroom digiboxes), Sky Talk revenues, service call revenue, warranty revenue, customer management service fees and access control fees. Other revenues are recognised, net of any discount given, when the relevant service has been provided.

Revenues derived from the sale of surplus programming and surplus transponder capacity are recognised net against programming and transmission and related functions costs respectively, since these cash flows are incidental to Skyâs main revenue-generating activities.

p) Pension costs
The Group provides pensions to eligible employees through the BSkyB Pension Plan, a defined contribution pension scheme. The amount charged to the profit and loss account in the year represents the cost of contributions payable by the Group to the scheme in that year. The assets of the BSkyB Pension Plan are held independently of the Group.

q) Leases
Assets held under finance leases, which confer rights and obligations similar to those attached to owned assets, are treated as tangible fixed assets. Depreciation is provided over the shorter of the lease term and the assetâs useful economic life, and the deemed capital element of future rentals is included within creditors. Deemed interest is then taken to the profit and loss account as interest payable over the life of the lease.

The rental costs arising from operating leases are charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred.