Investment Styles (continued)
Institutional Index
Institutional index AUM, generally managed in common trust funds or separate accounts, comprised 39% of total AUM at December 31, 2011. Long-term AUM growth of $6.5 billion was driven by net new business of $17.1 billion, before the effect of the final BGI merger-related outflows, and $10.2 billion of market valuation gains. Merger-related outflows of $20.7 billion were concentrated among a small number of clients.
Equity products comprised 64% of institutional index AUM, ending the year at $865.3 billion, with net inflows of $22.4 billion more than offset by market valuation declines of $48.2 billion. Net inflows of $34.6 billion across global equity, regional strategies and currency overlays were partially offset by outflows of $11.6 billion from U.S. equity mandates. Toward year-end, U.S. equities experienced modest net inflows in the face of more stable economic and market conditions. Institutional index equity portfolios closely tracked their corresponding benchmarks with 96%, 84% and 98% of AUM at or above tracking error tolerance for the one-, three- and five-year periods ended December 31, 2011, respectively.
Fixed-income products represented 35%, or $479.1 billion, of institutional index AUM, an increase of 12% or $53.2 billion. Net outflows totaled $5.2 billion, reflecting outflows of $14.6 billion in local currency mandates, only partly offset by inflows of $9.4 billion across global and U.S. core, sector-specialty and target duration strategies. Investors generally sought the relative safety of U.S. fixed-income products and retreated from European exposure as uncertainty around the sovereign debt crisis continued. Institutional index fixed-income portfolios closely tracked their respective benchmarks with 97%, 92% and 99% of AUM at or above tracking error tolerance for the one-, three- and five- year periods ended December 31, 2011, respectively.
iShares/Exchange Traded products ("ETP")
iShares is the leading ETP provider in the world, with $593.4 billion of AUM at December 31, 2011, which increased $3.1 billion, or 1%, since year-end 2010. iShares was the top asset gatherer globally in 20114 with $53.0 billion of net inflows largely offset by $49.9 billion of market valuation declines. During 2011, iShares introduced 45 new ETPs and continued our dual commitment to innovation and responsible product structuring. Our broad product range offers investors a precise, transparent and low-cost way to tap market returns and gain access to a full range of asset classes and global markets that have been difficult or expensive for many investors to access until now, as well as the liquidity required to make adjustments to their exposures quickly and cost-efficiently.
The global growth of the ETP market reflects both continued adoption and new product introduction with investor product preferences driven to varying degrees by performance (as measured by tracking error, which is the difference between net returns on the ETP and the corresponding targeted index), liquidity (bid-ask spread), tax efficiency, transparency and client service. Growth was lower than in recent years, primarily due to unfavorable market movements. Industry asset growth has historically been linked to positive markets, with investors looking to capitalize on strong market returns. In the continued environment of ultra-low interest rates, industry flows shifted toward fixed-income oriented products and, within equities, to developed markets and away from broad and single country emerging market funds. The ETP industry experienced another strong year with $173.4 billion of net new business and positive inflows for 11 months of the year4. The industry expanded to include more than 4,200 products globally with year-end AUM totaling $1.525 trillion. The broad spectrum of available ETP asset classes attracted new money through periods that were characterized as both "risk-on" and "risk-off."
iShares offers the most diverse product set in the industry with 504 ETPs at year-end 2011 and serves the broadest client base, covering 25 countries on five continents including North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia4. iShares remained the ETP leader in top asset gathering in 2011 with four of the top ten products and the highest number of leading products as measured by total assets, with five of the top ten4. Notwithstanding an increase in the number of ETP products offered in the industry, iShares continued to maintain the largest share of global AUM with 39% at year-end December 31, 20114.
At year-end, iShares AUM included $419.7 billion, or 71%, in equity offerings, $153.8 billion, or 26%, in fixed income ETPs and $19.9 billion, or 3%, in multi-asset class and alternative investments. iShares equity AUM decreased $28.5 billion, or 6%, from year-end 2010, with $24.6 billion in net inflows more than offset by $53.1 billion of market and foreign exchange losses. iShares fixed income AUM rose $30.7 billion, or 25%, over the previous year, with 88% of the increase being driven by $26.9 billion of net inflows. iShares multi-asset class and alternatives AUM grew by $0.9 billion, or 5%, with $1.5 billion of net inflows, predominantly in commodity products such as gold and silver, offset by $0.6 billion of market and foreign exchange declines.
United States
In the United States, iShares AUM ended the year at $444.4 billion with $29.6 billion of net inflows driven by strong demand for our yield-oriented and equity dividend products with our flagship emerging markets fund also attracting strong flows in the fourth quarter 2011. However, the search for yield did not deter investment in low-rate U.S. government bond ETPs, which attracted significant flows. U.S. broad aggregate bond ETPs also remained popular, allowing investors to capture diversified exposures. At year-end 2011, iShares was the largest U.S. provider of ETPs, with a 42% share of AUM4.
International
International iShares AUM ended at $149.0 billion with robust net new business of $23.4 billion for the year, dominated by developed countries equity products.
Sovereign and bank debt concerns in Europe spurred a "flight to safety," leading to strong investments in Europe-listed ETPs offering exposure to German equities. A DAX index-based iShares product led European ETPs overall, with net new inflows of $11.6 billion. At year-end 2011, iShares was the largest European provider of ETPs, with 36% of AUM and 79% of total 2011 industry inflows in the European market4.
In addition, we were the largest ETP manager in Latin America with more than 80% of AUM at December 31, 20114. We continue to look for oppor-tunities to continue to diversify product offerings in key strategic focus areas including attractive, high-growth markets as demonstrated by the July 2011 launch of iShares COLCAP, the first ETP in the Colombian market, and by our acquisition of the Canadian ETP provider Claymore Investments, announced in January 2012. In general, we expect to maintain relatively stable pricing, so long as it is supported by performance and the iShares value proposition, although we continually seek to achieve efficiencies and pass them on to our clients.
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