Our Business (continued)
Clients Served
We serve a diverse mix of institutional and retail investors worldwide. Clients include tax-exempt institutions, such as defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans, charities, foundations and endowments; official institutions, such as central banks, sovereign wealth funds, supra-nationals and other government entities; taxable institutions, including insurance companies, financial institutions, corporations and third-party fund sponsors; and retail and high net worth investors, principally through intermediaries. We also serve institutional, retail and high net worth investors that acquire iShares on exchanges worldwide.
Institutional Investors
Long-term assets managed for institutional investors totaled $2.181 trillion, or 62%, of total AUM at year-end 2011. During the year, net new business in long-term products totaled $0.9 billion with investment performance and market appreciation contributing $41.5 billion.
BlackRock's institutional business is well diversified across both product and region, with 45% of long-term AUM in equities, 45% in fixed income, 7% in multi-asset class and 3% in alternatives. The mix by investment style was 38% active and 62% passive (excluding institutional investors in iShares). Institutional index accounts tend to be larger mandates managed for relatively low fee rates and subject to higher turnover.
We serve institutional investors on six continents, with 50% of long-term AUM managed on behalf of investors in the Americas, 35% in EMEA and 15% in Asia-Pacific. The institutional business is further diversified by sub-segments: tax-exempt, official institutions and taxable investors, as described below.
BlackRock is among the largest managers of pension plan assets in the world with $1.502 trillion, or 69%, of long-term institutional AUM managed for defined benefit and defined contribution and other pension plans for corporations, governments and unions at December 31, 2011. An additional $48.7 billion was managed for other tax-exempt investors, including charities, foundations and endowments. Assets managed for these clients grew $6.9 billion during 2011, including $32.7 billion of long-term net inflows from defined contribution plans. We ended 2011 with $330.0 billion in defined contribution AUM and BlackRock remains well positioned to capitalize on the evolution of the defined contribution market and demand for outcome-oriented investments.
We also managed $129.3 billion, or 6%, of long-term institutional AUM for official institutions, including central banks, sovereign wealth funds, supranationals, multilateral entities and government ministries and agencies at year-end 2011. These clients often require specialized investment policy advice, the use of customized benchmarks and training support.
BlackRock is a leading independent manager of assets for insurance companies, which accounted for $214.4 billion, or 10%, of institutional long-term AUM at year-end 2011. Assets managed for other taxable institutions, including corporations, banks and third-party fund sponsors for which we provide sub-advisory services, totaled $287.3 billion, or 13%, of long-term institutional AUM at year end.
Retail and High Net Worth Investors
BlackRock serves retail and high net worth investors globally through separate accounts, open-end and closed-end funds, unit trusts and private investment funds. At December 31, 2011, long-term assets managed for retail and high net worth investors totaled $363.4 billion, or 10% of total AUM, and decreased 3%, or $10.6 billion, versus year-end 2010. During the year, net inflows of $13.4 billion in long-term products were offset by market valuation declines of $24.0 billion.
Retail and high net worth investors are served principally through intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, trust companies, insurance companies and independent financial advisors. Clients invest primarily in mutual funds, which totaled $286.4 billion, or 79%, of retail and high net worth long-term AUM at year-end, with the remainder invested in private investment funds and separately managed accounts. The product mix is well diversified, with 43% of long-term AUM in equities, 32% in fixed income, 23% in multi-asset class and 2% in alternatives. The vast majority (98%) of long-term AUM is invested in active products, although this is partially inflated by the fact that iShares is shown as a separate client type, since we cannot identify all of the underlying investors.
The client base is also diversified geographically, with 73% of long-term AUM managed for investors based in the Americas, 20% in EMEA and 7% in Asia-Pacific at year-end 2011.
Americas' retail and high net worth long-term inflows of $16.8 billion were driven by strong demand for global allocation, U.S. sector specialty and municipal fixed income mutual fund offerings. Rising concerns over sovereign default risks, sustained market volatility and a low interest rate environment led investors to seek a more dynamic management approach to fixed income versus a "buy and hold" strategy. In the United States, we had more than 70 product placements on broker-dealer platforms during the year and have grown our market position from the 10th to the fourth largest fund manager since we acquired Merrill Lynch Investment Managers ("MLIM") in late 20061. Our success in attracting net new business, even as the industry experienced heavy outflows, resulted in our improved market share of 14% of long-term flows for 20111. During the year, BlackRock won the Dalbar award for customer service in financial services, the 12th time we have been recognized for outstanding achievement in this area.
International retail and high net worth outflows of $3.3 billion in 2011 were driven by continued trends toward de-risking, and were predominantly from regional and country-specific equity strategies due to uncertainty in European markets. While overshadowed by fixed income and equity outflows, inflows of $0.6 billion into alternatives products demonstrate an appetite for alternatives in the retail channel. Our international retail and high net worth offerings include our Luxembourg cross-border fund families, BlackRock Global Funds ("BGF"), BlackRock Strategic Funds with more than $75.0 billion and $1.5 billion of AUM at year-end 2011, respectively, and a range of retail funds in the United Kingdom. BGF managed 64 funds registered in 35 jurisdictions at year-end 2011. More than 55% of the funds were rated by Standard & Poor's. In 2011, we were ranked as the third largest cross-border fund provider. In the United Kingdom, we ranked among the five largest fund managers2, and are known for our innovative product offerings, including the absolute alpha products we introduced six years ago.
Our footprint in each of these regions reflects strong relationships with intermediaries and an established ability to deliver our global investment expertise in funds and other products tailored to local regulations and requirements.
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