CHOICE
HOTELS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.
Company Information and Significant Accounting Policies
Company Information.
Choice Hotels International,
Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is in the business of hotel franchising.
As of December 31, 2001, the Company had franchise agreements with 4,545
hotels open and 689 hotels under development in 27 countries under the
following brand names: Comfort, Comfort Suites, Quality, Clarion, Sleep
Inn, Econo Lodge, Rodeway Inn, and MainStay Suites.
Principles
of Consolidation.
The consolidated
financial statements include the accounts of Choice Hotels International,
Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions
have been eliminated in consolidation.
Revenue Recognition.
The Company enters
into numerous franchise agreements committing to provide franchisees with
various marketing services, a centralized reservation system and limited
rights to utilize the Company’s registered tradenames. These agreements
are typically for a period of twenty years, with certain rights to the
franchisee to terminate after five, ten, or fifteen years. In most instances,
initial franchise fees are recognized upon sale because the initial franchise
fee is non-refundable and the Company has no continuing obligations related
to the franchisee. However, when the franchise agreements are entered
into which include future potential rebates and/ or incentive payments,
the initial franchise fees are deferred and recognized when the incentive
criteria are met or the deal is terminated, whichever occurs first, in
compliance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No.
45, “Accounting for Franchise Fee Revenue”. Royalty fees, primarily based
on a percentage of gross room revenues of each franchisee, are recorded
when earned. Reserves for uncollectible accounts are charged to bad debt
expense and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses
in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
The Company’s franchise
agreements require the payment of franchise fees, including marketing
and reservation fees, which are used exclusively by the Company’s marketing
and reservation funds for expenses associated with providing such franchise
services as central reservation systems, national marketing and media
advertising. The Company is contractually obligated to expend the marketing
and reservation fees it collects from franchisees in accordance with the
franchise agreements; as such, no income or loss to the Company is generated.
As noted below, the Company changed its presentation of marketing and
reservation revenues and expenses to a gross basis during the fourth quarter
of 2001.
The Company generates
partner services revenue from hotel industry vendors based on the level
of goods or services purchased from the vendors by hotel owners and hotel
guests who stay in the Company’s franchised hotels. In accordance with
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition,” the Company
recognizes partner services revenues (i) upon the completion of service
or delivery of product, assuming reasonable assurance of collectibility;
(ii) upon completion of a specific event; or, failing the previous two
conditions, (iii) over the life of the contract, regardless of whether
monies are received in advance or in arrears, and regardless of whether
the monies are non-refundable.
Presentation
of Marketing and Reservation Fees and Expenses.
The Company revised
its presentation of marketing and reservation fees during the fourth quarter
of 2001 to comply with the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 99-19
“Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent.” The Company
had previously presented these fees net of related expenses on its Consolidated
Statements of Income. EITF 99-19 requires that these fees be recorded
gross and accordingly, the Company has revised its financial statement
presentation for all periods presented. In addition, net advances and
repayments of marketing and reservation fees have been reclassified to
present these activities as cash flows from operating activities for all
periods presented. These revisions have no effect on the net income or
cash flows reported during the periods presented.
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