D-40 Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
August 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
In addition to the annual impairment tests, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are evaluated each reporting period. Goodwill is evaluated each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are evaluated each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life and to determine whether any indicators of impairment exist. Indicators such as underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, changes in the Companys strategy for its overall business or use of acquired assets, decline in the Companys stock price for a sustained period, unexpected adverse industry or economic trends, unanticipated technological change or competitive activities, loss of key distribution, change in consumer demand, loss of key personnel and acts by governments and courts may signal that an asset has become impaired.
Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Such assets are also evaluated each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support their remaining useful lives.
Long-lived Assets
The Company assesses potential impairments to its long-lived assets when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the assets carrying value exceeds its fair value, which is the amount at which the asset could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties, and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to results of operations. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the expected future undiscounted net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. No material impairments have been identified by the Company.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Companys financial instruments include cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, debt and foreign currency exchange contracts. Periodically, the Companys financial instruments may also include short-term investments. The carrying amounts of these instruments, with the exception of debt, approximate fair value because of the short maturities or variable interest rates.
The fair value of the Companys debt was approximately $44.7 million and $55.8 million at August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, based on discounted future cash flows using current market interest rates.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Companys policy is to place its cash in high credit quality financial institutions, in investments that include operating and money market accounts and, periodically, marketable securities. The Companys accounts receivable are primarily derived from customers located in North America, South America, Asia-Pacific and Europe. Additionally, the Company limits its credit exposure from trade receivables by performing on-going credit evaluations of customers, as well as insuring its accounts receivable in selected markets.
Insurance Coverage
The Company carries insurance policies to cover insurable risks such as property damage, business interruption, product liability, workers compensation and other risks with coverage and other terms, which it believes to be adequate and appropriate. These policies may be subject to applicable deductible or retention amounts, coverage limitations and exclusions. The Company does not maintain self-insurance with respect to its material risks; therefore, the Company has not provided for self-insurance reserves as of August 31, 2008 and 2007.
Revenue Recognition
Sales are recognized as revenue at the time of delivery to the customer when risks of loss and title pass. Sales are recorded net of allowances for damaged goods and other sales returns, sales incentives, trade promotions and cash discounts.
The Company records sales incentives as a reduction of sales in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company offers on-going trade promotion programs with customers, and consumer coupon programs that require the Company to estimate and accrue the expected costs of such programs. Programs include cooperative marketing programs, shelf price reductions, coupons, rebates, consideration and allowances given to retailers for space in their stores, consideration and allowances given to obtain favorable display positions in the retailers stores and other promotional activity. Costs related to rebates, co-operative advertising and other promotional activity are recorded upon delivery of products to customers. Costs related to coupon offers are based upon historical redemption rates and are recorded as incurred, when coupons are circulated.
Cost of Products Sold
The components of cost of products sold primarily include the cost of products manufactured on the Companys behalf by its contract packagers, net of volume and other rebates. Cost of products sold also includes the costs to manufacture WD-40 concentrate, which include direct labor, direct materials and supplies; in-bound freight costs related to purchased raw materials; and depreciation of machinery and equipment used in the manufacturing process.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The components of selling, general and administrative expenses include costs related to selling the Companys products, such as the cost of the sales force and related sales and broker commissions; freight paid to third-party companies to distribute finished goods from the Companys contract packagers to its customers; other general and administrative costs related to the Companys business such as general overhead, legal and accounting fees, insurance, and depreciation; and other employee-related costs to support marketing, human resources, finance, supply chain, information technology and research and development activities.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses were $18.1 million, $16.4 million and $16.3 million in fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Advertising and Sales Promotion Expenses
The Companys policy is to expense advertising and sales promotion expenses as incurred. Advertising and sales promotion expenses include costs for advertising (television, print media and internet), coupon insertion, consumer promotion, product demonstrations, public relations, agency costs, package design expenses and market research costs.
Research and Development
The Company is involved in research and development efforts that include the continual development of new products and the improvement of existing products. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses were $3.6 million for fiscal year 2008 and $3.8 million for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2006. These expenses include general research and development activities, as well as internal staff, overhead, design testing, market research and consultants.
Income Taxes
Current income tax expense is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable for the current year. A deferred income tax liability or asset is established for the expected future tax consequences resulting from the differences in financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In addition to valuation allowances, the Company provides for uncertain tax positions when such tax positions do not meet the recognition thresholds or measurement standards prescribed by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which was adopted by the Company effective September 1, 2007. Amounts for uncertain tax positions are adjusted in periods when new information becomes available or when positions are effectively settled. In accordance with FIN 48, the Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.
U.S. federal income tax expense is provided on remittances of foreign earnings and on unremitted foreign earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested. U.S. federal income taxes and foreign withholding taxes are not provided when foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 23, Accounting for Income Taxes, Special Areas. The Company determines whether its foreign subsidiaries will invest their undistributed earnings indefinitely based on the capital needs of the foreign subsidiaries. The Company periodically reassesses this determination. Changes to the Companys determination may be warranted based on the Companys experience as well as plans regarding future international operations and expected remittances.
Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities of the Companys foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Gains and losses from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions (transactions denominated in a currency other than the entitys functional currency) are included in the consolidated statements of operations as other (expense) income. Aggregate foreign currency transaction (losses) gains were ($768,000), ($38,000) and $110,000 for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.