Notes
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Becton, Dickinson and Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries (Company) after the elimination of intercompany transactions.
Reclassifications
The Company has reclassified certain prior year information to conform with the current year presentation.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates market. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. During the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company changed its method of determining cost for inventory previously determined under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method to the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, as discussed in Note 2.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are principally provided on the straight-line basis over estimated useful lives, which range from 20 to 45 years for buildings, four to 10 years for machinery and equipment and two to 20 years for leasehold improvements. Depreciation expense was $221,235, $201,558, and $179,411 in fiscal 2003, 2002, and 2001, respectively.
Intangibles
The Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, effective October 1, 2001, as discussed in Note 2. As a result, goodwill is no longer amortized, but instead is reviewed annually for impairment in accordance with the provisions of the Statement. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, potential impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. Core and developed technology continues to be amortized over periods ranging from 15 to 20 years, using the straight-line method. Both goodwill and core and developed technology arise from acquisitions. Other intangibles with finite useful lives, which include patents, are amortized over periods principally ranging from two to 40 years, using the straight-line method. These intangibles, including core and developed technology, are periodically reviewed to assess recoverability from future operations using undiscounted
cash flows in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. To the extent carrying value exceeds fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in operating results. Other intangibles also include certain trademarks that are considered to have indefinite lives, as they are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely. Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, these trademarks are no longer amortized but are reviewed annually for impairment. See Note 2 for further discussion.
Capitalized Software
Capitalized software primarily represents costs associated with our enterprise-wide program to upgrade our business information systems, known internally as (Genesis). The costs associated with the Genesis program will be fully amortized by 2009, with amortization expense being primarily reported as Selling and administrative expense. Amortization expense was $52,642, $31,330 and $18,525 for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation
Generally, the net assets of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates. The U.S. dollar results that arise from such translation, as well as exchange gains and losses on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature, are included in the cumulative currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized on the sale of certain instruments in the Biosciences segment upon completion of installation at the customers site. In other instances in the Biosciences segment, based upon the terms of sales arrangements entered into beginning in the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company began to recognize revenue in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) No. 00-21 Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. These sales arrangements have multiple deliverables and, as such, are divided into separate units of accounting. Revenue and cost of products sold is recognized at the completion of each deliverable.
The Company defers revenue recognition related to branded insulin syringe products that are sold under incentive programs to distributors in the U.S. consumer trade channel. These distributors have implied rights of return on unsold merchandise held by them. Revenue is recognized for these sales upon the sell-through of such product from the distribution channel partner to the end customer. See Note 2 for additional discussion.
Substantially all other revenue is recognized when products are shipped to customers.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in Selling and administrative expense. Shipping expense was $191,048, $174,942, and $164,401 in 2003, 2002, and 2001, respectively.
Warranty
Estimated future warranty obligations related to applicable products are provided by charges to operations in the period in which the related revenue is recognized.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended, all derivatives are recorded in the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. See Note 10 for additional discussion on financial instruments.
Derivative financial instruments are utilized by the Company in the management of its foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company hedges its foreign currency exposures by entering into offsetting forward exchange contracts and currency options, when it deems appropriate. The Company utilizes interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, interest rate collars, and forward rate agreements to manage its exposure to fluctuating interest rates. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Any deferred gains or losses associated with derivative instruments, which on infrequent occasions may be terminated prior to maturity, are recognized in income in the period in which the underlying hedged transaction is recognized. In the event a designated hedged item is sold, extinguished or matures prior to the termination of the related derivative instrument, such instrument would be closed and the resultant gain or loss would be recognized in income.
Income Taxes
United States income taxes are not provided on substantially all undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries since the subsidiaries reinvest such earnings or remit them to the Company without tax consequence. Income taxes are provided and tax credits are recognized based on tax laws enacted at the dates of the financial statements.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates or assumptions affect reported assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as reflected in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Stock-Based Compensation
Under the provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, the Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Companys stock at the date of the grant over the exercise price.
The following pro-forma net income and earnings per share information has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its stock-based compensation awards issued subsequent to October 1, 1995 using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, the estimated fair value of awards would be charged against income on a straight-line basis over the vesting period which generally ranges from zero to four years. The pro-forma effect on net income for 2003, 2002, and 2001 may not be representative of the pro-forma effect on net income in future years since compensation cost is allocated on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the grants, which extends beyond the reported years.
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Twelve months ended September 30 |
 |
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2003 |
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2002 |
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2001 |
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 |
| Net Income, as reported |
$ |
547,056 |
|
$ |
479,982 |
|
$ |
401,652 |
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| Less stock-based compensation |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| expense, net of tax |
|
35,941 |
|
|
34,890 |
|
|
33,517 |
|
 |
| Pro-forma net income |
$ |
511,115 |
|
$ |
445,092 |
|
$ |
368,135 |
|
 |
| Reported earnings per share: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
$ |
2.14 |
|
$ |
1.85 |
|
$ |
1.55 |
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| Diluted |
$ |
2.07 |
|
$ |
1.79 |
|
$ |
1.49 |
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| Pro-forma earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
$ |
2.00 |
|
$ |
1.72 |
|
$ |
1.42 |
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| Diluted |
$ |
1.95 |
|
$ |
1.66 |
|
$ |
1.37 |
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The pro-forma amounts and fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 2003, 2002, and 2001: risk free interest rates of 3.66%, 4.50%, and 5.57%, respectively; expected volatility of 33.2%, 33.0%, and 32.8%, respectively; expected dividend yields of 1.21%, 1.16% and 1.09%, respectively; and expected lives of six years for each year presented.
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