17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
City of Wichita Franchise
KGE’s franchise with the City of Wichita
to provide retail electric service is effective through December
1, 2003. We are currently negotiating with the City of Wichita for
a long-term franchise agreement. There can be no assurance that
we can successfully renegotiate the franchise with terms similar,
or as favorable, as those in the current franchise. Under Kansas
law, KGE will continue to have the right to serve the customers
in Wichita following the expiration of the franchise. Customers
within the Wichita metropolitan area account for approximately 21%
of our total energy sales volumes.
Purchase Orders and Contracts
As part of our ongoing operations and
construction program, we have purchase orders and contracts, excluding
fuel (which is discussed below under “— Fuel Commitments,”) that
have an unexpended balance of approximately $153.1 million at December
31, 2002, of which $32.2 million has been committed. The $32.2 million
commitment relates to purchase obligations issued and outstanding
at year-end, as well as a contract tariff for telecommunication
services.
The aggregate amount of required payments
at December 31, 2002 is as follows:

Clean Air Act
We must comply with the provisions of
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 that require a two-phase reduction
in certain emissions. We have installed continuous monitoring and
reporting equipment to meet the acid rain requirements. Material
capital expenditures have not been required to meet Phase II sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide requirements. We may purchase SO2 allowances
as necessary to meet these requirements.
Manufactured Gas Sites
We have been associated with 15 former
manufactured gas sites located in Kansas that may contain coal tar
and other potentially harmful materials. We and the Kansas Department
of Health and Environment (KDHE) entered into a consent agreement
governing all future work at these sites. The terms of the consent
agreement will allow us to investigate these sites and set remediation
priorities based on the results of the investigations and risk analysis.
At December 31, 2002, the costs incurred for preliminary site investigation
and risk assessment have been minimal. In accordance with the terms
of the strategic alliance with ONEOK, ownership of twelve of these
sites and the responsibility for clean up of these sites were transferred
to ONEOK. The ONEOK agreement limits our future liability associated
with these sites to an immaterial amount. Our investment earnings
from ONEOK could be impacted by these costs.
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EPA New Source Review
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
is conducting an enforcement initiative at a number of coal-fired
power plants in an effort to determine whether modifications at
those facilities were subject to New Source Review requirements
or New Source Performance Standards under the Clean Air Act. The
EPA has requested information from us under Section 114(a) of the
Clean Air Act (Section 114). A Section 114 information request requires
us to provide responses to specific EPA questions regarding certain
projects and maintenance activities that the EPA believes may have
violated the New Source Performance Standard and New Source Review
requirements of the Clean Air Act. The EPA contends that power plants
are required to update emission controls at the time of major maintenance
or capital activity. We believe that maintenance and capital activities
performed at our power plants are generally routine in nature and
are typical for the industry. We are complying with this information
request, but cannot predict the outcome of this investigation at
this time. Should the EPA determine to take action, the resulting
additional costs to comply could be material. We would expect to
seek recovery through rates of any settlement amounts.
The EPA has initiated civil enforcement
actions against other unaffiliated utilities as part of its initiative.
Settlement agreements entered into in connection with some of these
actions have provided for expenditures to be made over extended
time periods.
Solid Waste Landfills
We have operating solid waste landfills
at Jeffrey Energy Center, Tecumseh Energy Center and Lawrence Energy
Center (LEC) for the single purpose of disposing of coal combustion
waste material. Additionally, there is one retired landfill at both
LEC and Neosho Energy Center. All landfills are permitted by the
KDHE and meet all applicable requirements. The operating landfill
at LEC is projected to be full by 2007 requiring us to permit and
construct a new landfill at this site. It is anticipated that the
lead time for permitting a new landfill may be significant, which
will require this activity to begin in 2003.
Superfund Sites
In December 1999, we were identified
as one of more than 1,000 potentially responsible parties at an
EPA Superfund site in Kansas City, Kansas (Kansas City site). Based
upon previous experience and the limited nature of our business
transactions with the previous owners of the site, our obligation,
if any, at the Kansas City site is not expected to have a material
impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Nuclear Decommissioning
Decommissioning is a nuclear industry
term for the permanent shutdown of a nuclear power plant and the
removal of radioactive components in accordance with Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) requirements. The NRC will terminate a plant’s
license and release the property for unrestricted use when a company
has reduced the residual radioactivity of a nuclear plant to a level
mandated by the NRC. The NRC requires companies with nuclear plants
to prepare formal financial plans to fund decommissioning. These
plans are designed so that funds required for decommissioning will
be accumulated prior to the termination of the license of the related
nuclear power plant.
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