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We accrue decommissioning costs over
the expected life of the Wolf Creek generating facility. The accrual
is based on estimated unrecovered decommissioning costs, which consider
inflation over the remaining estimated life of the generating facility
and are net of expected earnings on amounts recovered from customers
and deposited in an external trust fund.
The KCC reviews our decommissioning
fund financial plans in two phases. Phase one is the approval of
the decommissioning study, the current year dollar amount and the
future year dollar amount. Phase two is the filing of a “funding
schedule” by the owner of the nuclear facility detailing its plans
of how to fund the future year dollar amount for the pro rata share
of the plant.
On February 25, 2002, we filed an
application with the KCC to modify the funding schedule to reflect
an assumed life of Wolf Creek through 2045 (see Note 3). This modification
was granted on March 8, 2002. The filing reflects the current estimate
in 1999 dollars of $221 million, but a future estimate in 2045 through
2054 of $1.28 billion. An updated decommissioning and dismantlement
cost estimate was filed with the KCC on August 30, 2002. Costs outlined
by this study were developed to decommission Wolf Creek following
a shutdown. The analyses relied upon the site-specific, technical
information developed in 1999, updated to reflect current plant
conditions and operating assumptions. Based on this study, our share
of Wolf Creek’s decommissioning costs, under the immediate dismantlement
method, is estimated to be approximately $220 million in 2002 dollars.
These costs include decontamination, dismantling and site restoration
and are not inflated, escalated, or discounted over the period of
expenditure. We anticipate a KCC order on the August 2002 decommissioning
study in the second quarter of 2003. The actual decommissioning
costs may vary from the estimates because of changes in technology
and changes in costs for labor, materials and equipment.
We will file a funding schedule
to reflect the KCC’s order on the August 2002 decommissioning study
by the end of the second quarter of 2003 and anticipate a KCC order
on the funding schedule in the third quarter of 2003.
Decommissioning costs are currently
being charged to operating expense in accordance with the July 25,
2001 KCC rate order as modified by the KCC’s approval of the March
8, 2002 funding schedule. Electric rates charged to customers provide
for recovery of these decommissioning costs over the life of Wolf
Creek as determined by the KCC through 2045. The Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) requires that funds to meet its decommissioning
funding assurance requirement be in our decommissioning fund by
the time our license expires in 2025. We believe that the KCC approved
funding level will be sufficient to meet the NRC minimum financial
assurance requirement.
Amounts expensed approximated $3.85
million in 2002 and will remain unchanged through 2044, subject
to the August 2002 decommissioning cost review and revised funding
schedule to be filed in the second quarter of 2003. These amounts
are deposited in an external trust fund. The average after-tax expected
return on trust assets is 5.56%.
Our investment in the decommissioning
fund is recorded at fair value, including reinvested earnings. It
approximated $63.5 million at December 31, 2002 and $66.6 million
at December 31, 2001. The balance in the trust fund decreased from
2001 to 2002 due to the decline in the market value of equity
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securities held in the trust. Trust fund
earnings accumulate in the fund balance and increase the recorded
decommissioning liability.
Asset Retirement Obligations
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No.
143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations.” SFAS No. 143
provides accounting requirements for the recognition and measurement
of liabilities associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived
assets. Under the standard, these liabilities will be recognized
at fair value as incurred and capitalized and depreciated over the
appropriate period as part of the cost of the related tangible long-lived
assets. The adoption of SFAS No. 143 will not impact income. Any
income effects are offset by a regulatory asset created pursuant
to SFAS No. 71. Retirement obligations associated with long-lived
assets included within the scope of SFAS No. 143 are those for which
a legal obligation exists under enacted laws, statutes, written
or oral contracts, including obligations arising under the doctrine
of promissory estoppel.
We adopted SFAS No. 143 on January 1,
2003, which required us to recognize and estimate the liability
for our 47% share of the estimated cost to decommission Wolf Creek.
SFAS No. 143 requires the recognition of the present value of the
asset retirement obligation we incurred at the time Wolf Creek was
placed into service in 1985. On January 1, 2003, we recorded an
asset retirement obligation of $74.7 million. In addition, we increased
our property and equipment balance, net of accumulated depreciation,
by $10.7 million. These amounts were estimated based on the calculation
guidelines of SFAS No. 143. We also established a regulatory asset
for $64.0 million, which represents the accretion of the liability
since 1985 and the increased depreciation expense associated with
the increase in plant.
Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of
1982, the Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for the permanent
disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Wolf Creek pays the DOE a quarterly
fee of one-tenth of a cent for each kilowatt-hour of net nuclear
generation produced for the future disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
These disposal costs are charged to cost of sales.
A permanent disposal site will not be
available for the nuclear industry until 2010 or later. Under current
DOE policy, once a permanent site is available, the DOE will accept
spent nuclear fuel on a priority basis. The owners of the oldest
spent fuel will be given the highest priority. As a result, disposal
services for Wolf Creek will not be available prior to 2016. Wolf
Creek has on-site temporary storage for spent nuclear fuel. In early
2000, Wolf Creek completed replacement of spent fuel storage racks
to increase its on-site storage capacity for all spent fuel expected
to be generated by Wolf Creek through the end of its licensed life
in 2025.
On February 14, 2002, the Secretary of
Energy submitted to the President a recommendation for approval
of the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada for the development of a nuclear
waste repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high
level nuclear waste from the nation’s defense activities. In July
2002, the President signed a resolution approving the Yucca Mountain
site after receiving the approval of this site from the U.S. Senate
and House of Representatives. This action allows the DOE to apply
to the NRC to license the project. The DOE expects that this facility
will open in 2010. However, the opening of the Yucca Mountain site
could be delayed due to litigation and other issues related to the
site as a permanent repository for spent nuclear fuel.
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