(1) Operating income includes the following special charges and credits: 1999 —  $47 million: reversal of a portion of the 1998 special charges. 1998 —  $959 million: asset related charges ($491 million), personnel reductions ($234 million), facility consolidations ($124 million), merger transaction costs ($64 million), and other related costs ($46 million). 1997 —  $11 million: merger costs ($9 million), write-downs on impaired assets and early retirement incentives ($10 million), losses from the sale of assets ($12 million), and gain on extension of joint venture ($42 million). 1996 —  $86 million: merger costs ($13 million), restructuring, merger and severance costs ($62 million), and write-off of acquired in-process research and development costs ($11 million). 1995 —  $8 million: restructuring costs ($5 million) and write-off of acquired in-process research and development costs ($3 million). 1994 —  $19 million: merger costs ($27 million), litigation ($10 million), and litigation and insurance recoveries ($18 million). 1993 —  $419 million: loss on sale of business ($322 million), merger costs ($31 million), restructuring ($5 million), litigation ($65 million), and gain on curtailment of medical plan ($4 million). 1992 — $294 million: merger costs ($273 million) and restructuring and severance ($21 million). (2) Nonoperating income in 1994 includes a gain of $276 million from the sale of an interest in Western Atlas International, Inc. and a gain of $102 million from the sale of our natural gas compression business. (3) Provision for income taxes in 1996 includes tax benefits of $44 million due to the recognition of net operating loss carryforwards and the settlement of various issues with the Internal Revenue Service. (4) Includes employees of Dresser Equipment Group which is accounted for as discontinued operations for the years 1992 through 2000. (5) Does not include employees of 50% or less owned affiliated companies.