Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2001 2000 1999
Fee revenue $ 350,954 $ 268,836 $ 226,290
Direct expenses:                  
  Employee costs 101,105 78,051 61,224
  Orthodontic supplies 29,366 21,274 17,136
  Rent 30,868 23,973 18,624
  Marketing and advertising 26,453 22,001 16,874
    Total direct expenses 187,792 145,299 113,858
General and administrative 39,372 28,360 23,270
Depreciation and amortization 19,825 15,175 12,238
Operating profit 103,965 80,002 76,924
Interest expense (6,182 ) (4,571 ) (2,599 )
Interest income 480 840 395
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary (56 )
Income before income taxes and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles 98,207 76,271 74,720
Provision for income taxes 37,073 28,549 28,206
Income before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles 61,134 47,722 46,514
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax benefit (50,576 ) (678 )
Net income (loss) $ 61,134 $ (2,854 ) $ 45,836
Income (loss) per share:
  Basic before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles $ 1.24 $ 0.99 $ 0.97
  Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax benefit (1.04 ) (0.02 )
  Basic $ 1.24 $ (0.05 ) $ 0.95
  Diluted before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles $ 1.21 $ 0.96 $ 0.96
  Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax benefit (1.02 ) (0.02 )
  Diluted $ 1.21 $ (0.06 ) $ 0.94
Weighted average shares outstanding:
  Basic 49,235 48,412 47,998
  Diluted 50,438 49,845 48,643
  Pro forma net income for change in accounting
   principle effective January 1, 2000 N/A N/A $ 32,326
  Pro forma net income per diluted share for change in accounting
   principle effective January 1, 2000 N/A N/A $ 0.66
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.