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Environmental Compliance:
We are subject to
comprehensive and continually evolving environmental regulation of our
operations under federal, state, provincial and local laws with respect to air
emissions, wastewater and storm water discharges, handling and use of hazardous
substances and waste management practices, including the handling, generation,
storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste. These would
include, among others, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the
Clean Air Act, including the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, the Clean
Water Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, the Canadian Fisheries Act
and regulations promulgated in connection with those laws. Such laws and
regulations include those concerning the discharge of contaminants as air
emissions or waste water effluents and the disposal of solid and/or hazardous
wastes, such as electric arc furnace dust. As a result, we are from time to
time involved in administrative and judicial proceedings and administrative
inquiries related to environmental matters.
We require federal, state
and provincial permits regulating air and water discharges in order to operate
our facilities. We believe that our facilities are in compliance with all
relevant federal, state and provincial environmental laws and regulations.
Pursuant to RCRA, which
governs the treatment, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and authorized state environmental
agencies can require facilities to take corrective action to remediate releases
of wastes. RCRA also allows citizens to bring suits against regulated
facilities for potential damages and clean up. We operate four steel
mini-mills, three of which are in the U.S., that produce dust that contains
lead, cadmium and chromium, which are classified as a hazardous waste. Dust
produced by our electric arc furnaces are collected through emission control
systems and is managed in facilities that are approved by the appropriate
regulatory authority. While we cannot predict the future actions of the
regulators or other interested parties, the potential exists for required
corrective action at our facilities, the costs of which could be substantial.
When we acquired NSG, we
assumed the obligations related to a closed hazardous waste landfill on our
property in Wilder, Kentucky that is being monitored according to post-closure
care and monitoring requirements and a permit that was issued by the Kentucky
Division of Waste Management. We have accrued the estimated costs for the
post-closure care of the landfill and funds have been set aside in a trust to
pay these costs.
The USEPA has proposed an air emission rule relating
to air emissions from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) operations. The USEPA
regulates major sources of hazardous air emissions under a rule known as
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT). EAF operations are not major
sources of hazardous air pollutants and are, therefore, not subject to MACT
requirements. However, the USEPA has authority to regulate small hazardous
emission sources under a set of rules called the Area Source Rules. The
main focus of the proposed air emission rule relating to EAF operations
has been mercury emissions caused by mercury switches in automotive scrap. It
had been expected that this rule would be effective in 2005, however,
USEPA recognized that the removal of switches from automobiles prior to the
shredding process was the best method to control EAF mercury emissions. As a
result, USEPA began multi-stakeholder negotiations to develop a national
program for removal and recycling of these switches prior to the time shredded
automotive scrap is sent to the EAF operations. The negotiations lead to an
agreement on a National Program which was signed by all stakeholders in the
fall of 2006. As a result of these negotiations, the finalization of the EAF
Area Source Rule was delayed and it is now expected that the final rule will
be issued in 2007 and will include the National Mercury Switch Recovery Program
as a key component. While we cannot, at this time, predict the impact of the
final rule on our operations, it is expected that they will not be
material to our electric arc furnace operations.
In Canada, Environment Canada has been looking to
mirror the mercury switch program being developed by USEPA. As a result of the
length of time taken by USEPA to complete the negotiations, Environment Canada
has issued a notice under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act that
requires development of a cost sharing arrangement between the auto
manufacturers and the steel industry to remove mercury switches from autos
before they are shredded. The negotiation of this type of program is ongoing.
The current version of Environment Canada notice does not include regulations
that would require the installation of mercury control equipment at the Companys
Regina EAF operations. The Company believes that the program contemplated in
Canada would not add any material cost in operations or in capital
expenditures. The Companys scrap recycling operation, General Scrap
Partnership, has been proactive in this area and has been removing mercury
switches and properly disposing of them since 2003. This program was used by
both the USEPA and Environment Canada as a model during development of their
respective programs.
In 2006, a new emission standard for Canadian
manufacturers covering dioxin emissions from EAF operations became effective.
For new or significantly modified EAF related facilities, the standard is 100
picograms per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas from the EAF melting
operations, while the existing EAF facilities standard is 150 picograms. A
new baghouse to capture EAF particulate emissions was recently constructed at
the Regina Steelworks, at a cost of approximately CDN $14 million. In addition
to dramatic improvements in the capture and control of particulates, the new
baghouse has allowed the Regina operations to meet the new source dioxin
standard of 100 picograms. The Regina facility is subject to annual
compliance testing for dioxin emissions; however, we do not anticipate any
further material impact associated with the implementation of this new standard.
In the U.S., the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, the USEPA and, in some instances,
private parties have the authority to impose joint and several liability for
the remediation of contaminated properties upon generators of waste, current
and former site owners and operators, transporters and other potentially
responsible parties, regardless of fault or the legality of the original
disposal activity. We have a number of waste handling agreements with various
contractors to properly dispose of our electric arc furnace dust and certain
other waste products of steel-making. However, we cannot assure that, even if
there has been no fault by us, we may not still be cited for liability as a
waste generator by reason of an environmental clean up at a site to which our
waste products were transported.
In late 2001, the USEPA designated Imperial Adhesives, Inc.,
a former subsidiary of the NSG, as one of a number of potentially responsible
parties (PRP) under CERCLA at an environmental remediation site. The
USEPA has contended that any company linked to a CERCLA site is potentially
liable for costs associated with the site under the legal doctrine of joint and
several liabilities. This environmental remediation site involves a municipal
waste disposal facility owned and operated by an independent operator. In December of
2006, a settlement was paid in full of all outstanding environmental claims
associated with the sale of Imperial Adhesives.
In addition to RCRA and CERCLA, there are a number of
other environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that apply to our
facilities and may affect our operations. By way of example and not of
limitation, certain portions of the United States Clean Air Act, Clean Water
Act, Oil Pollution Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, as
well as state, provincial and local laws and regulations implemented by the
regulatory agencies, apply to our facilities operations. Many of these laws
allow both the governments and citizens to bring certain suits against
regulated facilities for alleged environmental violations. Finally, any
steel-making company could be subject to certain toxic tort suits brought by
citizens or other third parties alleging causes of action such as nuisance,
negligence, trespass, infliction of emotional distress or other claims alleging
personal injury or property damage.
With the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol Treaty (the
Protocol) by the Canadian government, manufacturing operations in Canada have
become subject to reporting of greenhouse gases, and will likely be subject to
mandated reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases. In Canada, as part of the
effort to comply with the Protocol, the Canadian government identified a number
of industrial sectors that would be required to reduce emissions during the
first commitment period ending in 2012. These sectors were classified as Large
Final Emitters. The steel industry was included in this
group. The Company has been actively engaged in negotiations with the Canadian
government on implementation of any reductions that may be required within the
steel industry. As a result of these negotiations, and the fact that the
government has capped the cost of CO2 credits at $15 per ton, we do not
currently expect the implementation of the Protocol in Canada to have a
material impact on our operations. In late 2006, the Canadian Government issued
a draft Clean Air Act which contemplates reductions of emissions of greenhouse
gases as well as criteria air pollutants by industry. As part of this proposal,
the Government has agreed to conduct consultations with impacted industry
segments including the steel industry and the Company will participate in these
consultations. It is difficult to predict impacts of this proposed regulation,
but any outcome that significantly restricts access to sufficient allocations
of carbon credits could impact our ability to expand steel melting operations
in Regina.
The U.S. has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol and, as a
result, has not agreed to mandated reduction, but instead has committed to
national emissions reporting under the Protocol, and also is conducting many
voluntary reduction programs.
Since the level of
enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, or the nature of those laws
that may be enacted from time to time are subject to changing social or
political pressures, our environmental capital expenditures and costs for
environmental compliance may increase in the future. In addition, due to the
possibility of unanticipated regulatory or other developments, the amount and
timing of future environmental expenditures may vary substantially from those
currently anticipated. The cost of current and future environmental compliance
may also place North American producers at a competitive disadvantage with
respect to foreign steel producers, which may not be required to undertake
equivalent costs in their operations.
We have accrued
liabilities of approximately $7.3 million and $3.7 million for environmental
remediation obligations at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Based
upon our evaluation of available information, we do not believe that any of the
environmental contingency matters discussed above are likely, individually or
in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect upon our consolidated
results of operations, financial position or cash flows. However, we cannot
predict with certainty that new information or developments with respect to our
environmental contingency matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not
have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations,
financial position or cash flows.
We, believe, that we are
currently in substantial compliance with applicable environmental regulations.
We cannot predict the level of required capital expenditures or operating costs
that may result from compliance with future environmental regulations.
Capital expenditures for
the next 12 months relating to environmental control facilities are expected to
be approximately $3.0 million. However, such expenditures could be influenced
by new or revised environmental regulations and laws or new information or
developments with respect to our operating facilities. Given the continual
evolution of environmental laws and increased enforcement actions taken by
regulators, our environmental capital expenditures, as well as compliance
costs, will likely increase in the future and may vary substantially from those
currently anticipated.
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