Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
6. Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In millions) 1998 1997 1996
Current income taxes
   Federal $ 673 $ 433 $ 514
   State 138 100 109
      Total current income taxes 811 533 623
Deferred income taxes, net
   Federal (15 ) 112 73
   State (4 ) 9 13
      Total deferred income taxes, net (19 ) 121 86
Investment tax credit amortization (15 ) (15 ) (11 )
Total income tax expense $ 777 $ 639 $ 698
 
 
Income Tax Expense Reconciliation to Statutory Rule
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In millions) 1998 1997 1996
Income tax, computed at the
   statutory rate of 35% $ 713 $ 565 $ 626
Adjustments resulting from:
   State income tax, net of federal
      income tax effect 90 71 79
   Other items, net (26 ) 3 (7 )
      Total income tax expense $ 777 $ 639 $ 698
   Effective tax rate 38.1% 39.6% 39.0%
 
 
Net Deferred Income Tax Liability Components
December 31,
(In millions) 1998 1997
Deferred credits and other liabilities $ 268 $ 409
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforwarda 30 30
Other 36 46
   Total deferred income tax assets 334 485
Valuation allowance (52 ) (47 )
   Net deferred income tax assets 282 438
Investments and other assets (207 ) (263 )
Property, plant and equipment (2,405 ) (2,358 )
Regulatory assets and deferred debits (542 ) (623 )
Regulatory asset related to restating to
   pre-tax basis
(435 ) (438 )
Other (69 ) (99 )
   Total deferred income tax liabilities (3,658 ) (3,781 )
State deferred income tax, net of federal
   tax effect
(357 ) (364 )
Net deferred income tax liability $ (3,733 ) $ (3,707 )
a The alternative minimum tax credit carryforward can be carried forward indefinitely.


In 1990, PanEnergy established a provision for certain tax issues related to the purchase of TEC, which resulted in an increase in goodwill and deferred income tax liability. If tax benefits relating to the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets and other tax reserves are recognized subsequent to December 31, 1998, approximately $29 million will be allocated as an adjustment to goodwill.