Note 16 Employee Benefit Plans
Pension and Postretirement Plans
The Corporation sponsors noncontributory trusteed qualified pension plans that cover substantially all officers and employees. The plans provide defined benefits based on an employee's compensation, age and years of service. The Bank of America Pension Plan (the Pension Plan) provides participants with compensation credits, based on age and years of service. The Pension Plan allows participants to select from various earnings measures, which are based on the returns of certain funds or common stock of the Corporation. The participant-selected earnings measures determine the earnings rate on the individual participant account balances in the Pension Plan. Participants may elect to modify earnings measure allocations on a periodic basis subject to the provisions of the Pension Plan. The benefits become vested upon completion of five years of service. It is the policy of the Corporation to fund not less than the minimum funding amount required by ERISA.
The Pension Plan has a balance guarantee feature, applied at the time a benefit payment is made from the plan, that protects participant balances transferred and certain compensation credits from future market downturns. The Corporation is responsible for funding any shortfall on the guarantee feature.
As a result of recent mergers, the Corporation assumed the obligations related to the pension plans of former FleetBoston and MBNA. The Bank of America Pension Plan for Legacy Fleet (the Fleet Pension Plan) is substantially similar to the Bank of America Plan discussed above; however, the Fleet Pension Plan does not allow participants to select various earnings measures; rather the earnings rate is based on a benchmark rate. The Bank of America Pension Plan for Legacy MBNA (the MBNA Pension Plan) retirement benefits are based on the number of years of benefit service and a percentage of the participant's average annual compensation during the five highest paid consecutive years of their last ten years of employment.
The Corporation sponsors a number of noncontributory, nonqualified pension plans. As a result of mergers, the Corporation assumed the obligations related to the noncontributory, nonqualified pension plans of former FleetBoston and MBNA. These plans, which are unfunded, provide defined pension benefits to certain employees.
In addition to retirement pension benefits, full-time, salaried employees and certain part-time employees may become eligible to continue participation as retirees in health care and/or life insurance plans sponsored by the Corporation. Based on the other provisions of the individual plans, certain retirees may also have the cost of these benefits partially paid by the Corporation. The obligations assumed as a result of the merger with FleetBoston are substantially similar to the Corporation's Postretirement Health and Life Plans. The MBNA Postretirement Health and Life Plan provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for a closed group upon early retirement.
The tables within this Note include the information related to the MBNA plans described above beginning January 1, 2006 and the FleetBoston plans beginning April 1, 2004.
On December 31, 2006, the Corporation adopted SFAS 158 which requires the recognition of a plan's over-funded or under-funded status as an asset or liability with an offsetting adjustment to Accumulated OCI. SFAS 158 requires the determination of the fair values of a plan's assets at a company's year-end and recognition of actuarial gains and losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition assets or obligations as a component of Accumulated OCI. These amounts were previously netted against the plans' funded status in the Corporation's Consolidated Balance Sheet pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 87. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as components of net periodic benefit costs. Further, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods that are not initially recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost will be recognized as a component of Accumulated OCI. Those amounts will subsequently be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost as they are amortized during future periods.
The incremental effects of adopting the provisions of SFAS 158 on the Corporation's Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2006 are presented in the following table. The adoption of SFAS 158 had no effect on the Corporation's Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2006, or for any year presented.
(Dollars in millions) | Before Application of Statement 158 |
Adjustments | After Application of Statement 158 |
---|---|---|---|
Other assets (1) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Total assets | 1,461,703 | (1,966) | 1,459,737 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (2) | 42,790 | (658) | 42,132 |
Total liabilities | 1,325,123 | (658) | 1,324,465 |
Accumulated OCI (3) | (6,403) | (1,308) | (7,711) |
Total shareholders' equity | 136,580 | (1,308) | 135,272 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | 1,461,703 | (1,966) | 1,459,737 |
Amounts included in Accumulated OCI (pre-tax) at December 31, 2006 were as follows:
(Dollars in millions) | Qualified Pension Plans |
Nonqualified Pension Plans |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Net actuarial loss |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Transition obligation | | | 189 | 189 |
Prior service cost | 201 | (44) | | 157 |
Amount recognized in Accumulated OCI (1) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the Qualified Pension Plans that will be amortized from Accumulated OCI, (pre-tax), into net periodic benefit cost during 2007 are $130 million and $46 million. The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the Nonqualified Pension Plans that will be amortized from Accumulated OCI, (pre-tax), into net periodic benefit cost during 2007 are $19 million and $(8) million. The estimated net actuarial loss and transition obligation for the Postretirement Health and Life Plans that will be amortized from Accumulated OCI, (pre-tax), into net periodic benefit cost during 2007 is $(22) million and $31 million.
The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets, changes in the projected benefit obligation (PBO), the funded status of both the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and the PBO, and the weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the pension plans and postretirement plans at December 31, 2006 and 2005. Amounts recognized at December 31, 2006 and 2005 are reflected in Other Assets, and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The discount rate assumption is based on a cash flow matching technique and is subject to change each year. This technique utilizes a yield curve based upon Aa rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments to produce the discount rate assumption. For the Pension Plan, the FleetBoston Pension Plan, and the MBNA Pension Plan, (the Qualified Pension Plans), the Nonqualified Pension Plans, and the Postretirement Health and Life Plans, the discount rate at December 31, 2006, was 5.75 percent. For both the Qualified Pension Plans and the Postretirement Health and Life Plans, the expected long-term return on plan assets is 8.00 percent for 2007. The expected return on plan assets is determined using the calculated market-related value for the Qualified Pension Plans and the fair value for the Postretirement Health and Life Plans. The asset valuation method for the Qualified Pension Plans recognizes 60 percent of the market gains or losses in the first year, with the remaining 40 percent spread equally over the next four years.
Qualified Pension Plans (1) |
Nonqualified Pension Plans (1) |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans (1) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Dollars in millions) | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 |
Change in fair value of plan assets
|
||||||
(Primarily listed stocks, fixed income and real estate)
|
||||||
Fair value, January 1 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
MBNA balance, January 1, 2006 | 555 | | | | | |
Actual return on plan assets | 1,829 | 803 | | | 15 | 11 |
Company contributions (2) | 2,200 | 1,000 | 321 | 118 | 52 | 27 |
Plan participant contributions | | | | | 98 | 98 |
Benefits paid | (888) | (859) | (322) | (118) | (213) | (176) |
Federal subsidy on benefits paid | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 12 | n/a |
Fair value, December 31
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Change in projected benefit obligation
|
||||||
Projected benefit obligation, January 1
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
MBNA balance, January 1, 2006 | 695 | | 486 | | 278 | |
Service cost | 306 | 261 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 11 |
Interest cost | 676 | 643 | 78 | 61 | 86 | 78 |
Plan participant contributions | | | | | 98 | 98 |
Plan amendments | 33 | (77) | | (1) | | |
Actuarial (gains) losses | 168 | 261 | (18) | 61 | (145) | 57 |
Benefits paid | (888) | (859) | (322) | (118) | (213) | (176) |
Federal subsidy on benefits paid | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 12 | n/a |
Projected benefit obligation, December 31
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Funded status, December 31
|
||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
n/a | n/a |
Overfunded (unfunded) status of ABO | 4,642 | 1,714 | (1,345) | (1,084) | n/a | n/a |
Provision for future salaries | 529 | 307 | | 23 | n/a | n/a |
Projected benefit obligation | 12,680 | 11,690 | 1,345 | 1,108 | 1,549 | 1,420 |
Overfunded (unfunded) status of PBO |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (3) | n/a | 2,621 | n/a | 262 | n/a | 92 |
Unrecognized transition obligation (3) | n/a | | n/a | | n/a | 221 |
Unrecognized prior service cost (3) | n/a | 209 | n/a | (52) | n/a | |
Amount recognized, December 31
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Weighted average assumptions, December 31
|
||||||
Discount rate |
5.75 % |
5.50 % |
5.75 % |
5.50 % |
5.75 % |
5.50 % |
Expected return on plan assets | 8.00 | 8.50 | n/a | n/a | 8.00 | 8.50 |
Rate of compensation increase | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | n/a | n/a |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:
December 31, 2006 | |||
---|---|---|---|
(Dollars in millions) | Qualified Pension Plans |
Nonqualified Pension Plans |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
Other assets |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | (1,345) | (1,459) |
Net amount recognized at December 31
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
December 31, 2005 | |||
Qualified Pension Plans |
Nonqualified Pension Plans |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
|
Prepaid benefit cost |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Accrued benefit cost | | (897) | (981) |
Additional minimum liability | | (187) | |
SFAS 87 Accumulated OCI adjustment (1) | | 187 | |
Net amount recognized at December 31
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
Net periodic benefit cost for 2006, 2005 and 2004 included the following components:
Qualified Pension Plans |
Nonqualified Pension Plans |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Dollars in millions) | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost
|
|||||||||
Service cost |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Interest cost | 676 | 643 | 623 | 78 | 61 | 62 | 86 | 78 | 76 |
Expected return on plan assets
|
(1,034) | (983) | (915) | | | | (10) | (14) | (16) |
Amortization of transition obligation
|
| | | | | | 31 | 31 | 32 |
Amortization of prior service cost (credits)
|
41 | 44 | 55 | (8) | (8) | 3 | | | 1 |
Recognized net actuarial loss
|
229 | 182 | 92 | 20 | 24 | 14 | 12 | 80 | 74 |
Recognized loss due to settlements and
curtailments |
| | | | 9 | | | | |
Net periodic benefit cost
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
Weighted average assumptions used to
determine net cost for years ended
December 31 |
|||||||||
Discount rate (1)
|
5.50 % |
5.75 % |
6.25 % |
5.50 % |
5.75 % |
6.25 % |
5.50 % |
5.75 % |
6.25 % |
Expected return on
plan assets |
8.00 | 8.50 | 8.50 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8.00 | 8.50 | 8.50 |
Rate of compensation
increase |
4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Net periodic postretirement health and life expense was determined using the "projected unit credit" actuarial method. Gains and losses for all benefits except postretirement health care are recognized in accordance with the standard amortization provisions of the applicable accounting standards. For the Postretirement Health Care Plans, 50 percent of the unrecognized gain or loss at the beginning of the fiscal year (or at subsequent remeasurement) is recognized on a level basis during the year.
Assumed health care cost trend rates affect the postretirement benefit obligation and benefit cost reported for the Postretirement Health Care Plans. The assumed health care cost trend rate used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the Postretirement Health Care Plans was 9.0 percent for 2007, reducing in steps to 5.0 percent in 2012 and later years. A one-percentage-point increase in assumed health care cost trend rates would have increased the service and interest costs and the benefit obligation by $3 million and $51 million in 2006, $3 million and $51 million in 2005, and $4 million and $56 million in 2004. A one-percentage-point decrease in assumed health care cost trend rates would have lowered the service and interest costs and the benefit obligation by $3 million and $44 million in 2006, $3 million and $43 million in 2005, and $3 million and $48 million in 2004.
Plan Assets
The Qualified Pension Plans have been established as retirement vehicles for participants, and trusts have been established to secure benefits promised under the Qualified Pension Plans. The Corporation's policy is to invest the trust assets in a prudent manner for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to participants and defraying reasonable expenses of administration. The Corporation's investment strategy is designed to provide a total return that, over the long-term, increases the ratio of assets to liabilities. The strategy attempts to maximize the investment return on assets at a level of risk deemed appropriate by the Corporation while complying with ERISA and any applicable regulations and laws. The investment strategy utilizes asset allocation as a principal determinant for establishing the risk/reward profile of the assets. Asset allocation ranges are established, periodically reviewed, and adjusted as funding levels and liability characteristics change. Active and passive investment managers are employed to help enhance the risk/return profile of the assets. An additional aspect of the investment strategy used to minimize risk (part of the asset allocation plan) includes matching the equity exposure of participant-selected earnings measures. For example, the common stock of the Corporation held in the trust is maintained as an offset to the exposure related to participants who selected to receive an earnings measure based on the return performance of common stock of the Corporation. No plan assets are expected to be returned to the Corporation during 2007.
The Expected Return on Asset Assumption (EROA assumption) was developed through analysis of historical market returns, historical asset class volatility and correlations, current market conditions, anticipated future asset allocations, the funds' past experience, and expectations on potential future market returns. The EROA assumption represents a long-term average view of the performance of the Qualified Pension Plans and Postretirement Health and Life Plan assets, a return that may or may not be achieved during any one calendar year. In a simplistic analysis of the EROA assumption, the building blocks used to arrive at the long-term return assumption would include an implied return from equity securities of 8.75 percent, debt securities of 5.75 percent, and real estate of 7.00 percent for all pension plans and postretirement health and life plans.
The Qualified Pension Plans' and Postretirement Health and Life Plans' asset allocations at December 31, 2006 and 2005 and target allocations for 2007 by asset category are as follows:
Qualified Pension Plans |
Postretirement Health and Life Plans |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of Plan Assets at December 31 |
Percentage of Plan Assets at December 31 |
|||||
Asset Category | 2007 Target Allocation | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 Target Allocation | 2006 | 2005 |
Equity securities |
65 - 80 % |
68 % |
71 % |
50 - 70 % |
61 % |
57 % |
Debt securities | 20 - 35 | 30 | 27 | 30 -50 | 36 | 41 |
Real estate | 0 - 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 -5 | 3 | 2 |
Total
|
100 % |
100 % |
100 % |
100 % |
Equity securities for the Qualified Pension Plans include common stock of the Corporation in the amounts of $882 million (5.25 percent of total plan assets) and $798 million (6.10 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
The Bank of America and MBNA Postretirement Health and Life Plans had no investment in the common stock of the Corporation at December 31, 2006 or 2005. The FleetBoston Postretirement Health and Life Plans included common stock of the Corporation in the amount of $0.4 million (0.46 percent of total plan assets) and $0.3 million (0.27 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
Projected Benefit Payments
Benefit payments projected to be made from the Qualified Pension Plans, the Nonqualified Pension Plans and the Postretirement Health and Life Plans are as follows:
Postretirement Health and Life Plans | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(Dollars in millions) | Qualified Pension Plans (1) |
Nonqualified Pension Plans (2) |
Net Payments (3) | Medicare Subsidy |
2007 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
2008 | 1,022 | 101 | 135 | (12) |
2009 | 1,026 | 104 | 137 | (12) |
2010 | 1,035 | 103 | 138 | (12) |
2011 | 1,051 | 105 | 138 | (12) |
2012 - 2016 | 5,262 | 518 | 656 | (58) |
Defined Contribution Plans
The Corporation maintains qualified defined contribution retirement plans and nonqualified defined contribution retirement plans. As a result of the FleetBoston merger, beginning on April 1, 2004, the Corporation maintains the defined contribution plans of former FleetBoston. As a result of the MBNA merger on January 1, 2006, the Corporation also maintains the defined contribution plans of former MBNA.
The Corporation contributed approximately $328 million, $274 million and $267 million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, in cash and stock, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, an aggregate of 99 million shares and 106 million shares of the Corporation's common stock were held by the 401(k) Plans. During 2004, the Corporation converted the ESOP Preferred Stock held by the Bank of America 401(k) Plan to common stock so that there were no outstanding shares of preferred stock at December 31, 2004 in the 401(k) Plans.
Under the terms of the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Preferred Stock provision for the Bank of America 401(k) Plan, payments to the plan for dividends on the ESOP Preferred Stock were $4 million for 2004. Payments to the Bank of America 401(k) Plan and legacy FleetBoston 401(k) Plan for dividends on Common Stock were $208 million, $207 million and $181 million during 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Payments to the MBNA 401(k) Plan for dividends on the Corporation's common stock were $8 million in 2006.
In addition, certain non-U.S. employees within the Corporation are covered under defined contribution pension plans that are separately administered in accordance with local laws.
Rewarding Success Plan
In 2005, the Corporation introduced a broad-based cash incentive plan for associates that meet certain eligibility criteria and are below certain compensation levels. The amount of the cash award is determined based on the Corporation's operating net income and common stock price performance for the full year. During 2006 and 2005, the Corporation recorded an expense of $237 million and $145 million for this Plan.