advantage to customers in the precision optics industry, which still relies heavily on traditional artisanal methods of fabrication. We market our products primarily through direct sales to our customers, although we use distributors in select areas. We believe this strategy provides us an additional means to collaborate with our customers. Our QED subsidiary supports customers in the semiconductor equipment, aerospace, defense, security, research, biomedical and consumer imaging markets. QED counts among its worldwide customers leading precision optics manufacturers, major semiconductor original equipment manufacturers, research institutions, and the United States government and its contractors. In fiscal 2012, our five largest customers accounted for approximately 48% of our revenue, with TSMC and Samsung accounting for approximately 18% and 13% of our revenue, respectively. For additional information on concentration of customers, refer to Note 2 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K. Customers, Sales and Marketing Within the semiconductor industry, our customers are primarily producers of logic IC devices or memory IC devices, or they provide IC foundry service. Logic customers often outsource some or all of the production of their devices to foundries, which provide contract manufacturing services, in order to avoid the high cost of process development, construction and operation of a fab, or to provide additional capacity when needed. In fiscal 2012, excluding revenue to data storage and ESF customers, approximately 50% of our revenue was from foundry customers, 30% of our revenue was from memory customers and 20% of our revenue was from logic customers. Based upon our own observations and customer survey results, we believe the following factors are the primary influences of our customers’ CMP consumables buying decisions: overall cost of ownership, which represents the cost to purchase, use and maintain a product; product quality and consistency; product performance and its impact on a customer’s overall yield; engineering support; and delivery/supply assurance. We believe that greater customer sophistication in the CMP process, more demanding integration schemes, additional and unique polishing materials and cost pressures will add further demands on CMP consumables suppliers like us. When these factors are combined with our customers’ desires to gain purchasing leverage and lower their cost of ownership, we believe that only the most reliable, innovative, cost effective, service-driven CMP consumables suppliers will thrive. We use a highly collaborative approach to build close relationships with our customers in a variety of areas, and we have customer-focused teams located in each major geographic region. Our sales process begins long before the actual sale of our products and occurs on a number of levels. Due to the long lead times from research and development to product commercialization and sales, we have research teams that collaborate with customers on emerging applications years before the products are required by the market. We also have development teams that interact closely with our customers, using our research and development facilities and capabilities to design CMP products tailored to their precise needs. Next, our applications engineers work with customers to integrate our products into their manufacturing processes. Finally, as part of our sales process, our logistics and sales personnel provide supply, warehousing and inventory management for our customers. Research, Development and Technical Support We believe that technology is vital to success in our CMP and ESF businesses, and we plan to continue to devote significant resources to research, development and technical support (R&D), and balance our efforts between the shorter-term market needs and the longerterm investments required of us as a technology leader. We develop and formulate new and enhanced CMP solutions tailored to our customers’ requirements. We work closely with our customers at their facilities to identify their specific technology and manufacturing challenges and to translate these challenges into viable CMP process solutions. Our technology efforts are currently focused on five main areas that span the early conceptual stage of product development involving new materials, processes and designs several years in advance of commercialization, to continuous improvement of already commercialized products in daily use in our customers’ manufacturing facilities. These five areas are: • esearch related to fundamental CMP technology; R • evelopment and formulation of new and enhanced D CMP consumables products, including collaboration on joint development projects with our customers; • rocess development to support rapid and effective P commercialization of new products; • echnical support of our CMP products in our cusT tomers’ development and manufacturing facilities; and, • valuation and development of new polishing and E metrology applications outside of the semiconductor industry. 9